Young adult outcome of hyperactive children: Adaptive functioning in major life activities
Young adult outcome of hyperactive children: Adaptive functioning in major life activities
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DOI：
10.1097/01.chi.0000189134.97436.e2
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发表时间：
2006-02-01
影响因子：
13.3
通讯作者：
Fletcher, K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Barkley, RA;Fischer, M;Fletcher, K
目的：作者报告了威斯康星州东南部（密尔沃基）多动和控制儿童的适应功能，随后到年轻的成年。方法：在1992年至1996年期间收集了对参与者的主要生活活动的采访，并在年轻人的随访中与雇主评级和高中记录一起使用沿着（平均年龄= 20岁，范围19-25岁）（H; n = 149）和社区对照组（CC; n = 72）的儿童，最初在1978-1980年观察，并研究了至少13年。根据需要对年龄、随访持续时间和智商进行统计学控制。结果：H组的教育表现和成就明显较低，32%的人未能完成高中学业。H组成员被解雇的工作和表现出更大的雇主评定的注意力缺陷/多动障碍和对立违抗性障碍的症状和较低的工作表现比CC组。在社交方面，H组的亲密朋友更少，更难保持朋友关系，父母认为他们有更多的社交问题。更多的H组成员成为父母（38%对4%），并接受了性传播疾病的治疗（16%对4%）。终身行为障碍的严重程度是预测几个最突出的结果（未能毕业，早期性交，早期为人父母），而注意力缺陷/多动障碍和对立违抗性障碍在工作中的工作表现和被解雇的风险预测。结论：这些发现证实了先前的研究，并进一步确定性活动和早期生育作为成年适应功能的其他问题领域。
Objective: The authors report the adaptive functioning of hyperactive and control children in southeastern Wisconsin (Milwaukee) followed to young adulthood. Method: Interviews with participants concerning major life activities were collected between 1992 and 1996 and used along with employer ratings and high school records at the young adult follow-up (mean = 20 years, range 19-25) for this large sample of hyperactive (H; n = 149) and community control (CC; n = 72) children initially seen in 1978-1980 and studied for at least 13 years. Age, duration of follow-up, and IQ were statistically controlled as needed. Results: The H group had significantly lower educational performance and attainment, with 32% failing to complete high school. H group members had been fired from more jobs and manifested greater employer-rated attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and oppositional defiant disorder symptoms and lower job performance than the CC group. Socially, the H group had fewer close friends, more trouble keeping friends, and more social problems as rated by parents. Far more H than CC group members had become parents (38% versus 4%) and had been treated for sexually transmitted disease (16% versus 4%). Severity of lifetime conduct disorder was predictive of several of the most salient outcomes (failure to graduate, earlier sexual intercourse, early parenthood) whereas attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and oppositional defiant disorder at work were predictive of job performance and risk of being fired. Conclusions: These findings corroborate prior research and go further in identifying sexual activity and early parenthood as additional problematic domains of adaptive functioning at adulthood.