Costs and benefits of larval jumping behaviour of Bathyplectes anurus.
Costs and benefits of larval jumping behaviour of Bathyplectes anurus.
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Bathyplectes anurus 幼虫跳跃行为的成本和收益。
DOI：
10.1007/s00114-015-1324-1
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Takagi M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Saeki Y;Tani S;Fukuda K;Iwase S;Sugawara Y;Tuda M;Takagi M
紫花象鼻虫的一种寄生蜂，在幼虫后期形成茧，并表现出跳跃行为。跳茧的适应性意义和代价尚未得到深入的研究。我们假设跳跃具有通过避免不利环境来实现栖息地选择的健康益处。我们进行了实验室实验，结果表明，在有光的情况下，跳跃频率增加，温度升高幅度较大，相对湿度较低。此外，当；在坡度较轻的环境中，无尾龙个体可以自由跳跃，在阴凉区域发现更多的茧，提示有微生境选择。在田间试验中，日光下的茧死亡率明显高于阴凉处的茧死亡率。无性茧通过跳跃来应对环境压力，从而产生栖息地选择。当潜在捕食者（蚂蚁）存在时，跳跃频率高于对照组（无蚂蚁），但与捕食者直接接触后，跳跃频率下降。b .体重；随着时间的推移，被诱导跳跃的蚕茧比没有被诱导跳跃的蚕茧显著减少，这表明跳跃是有代价的。我们讨论了跳跃行为的好处和代价，以及这种特殊特征的潜在进化优势，这种特征存在于有限数量的物种中。
Bathyplectes anurus, a parasitoid of the alfalfa weevils, forms a cocoon in the late larval stage and exhibits jumping behaviour. Adaptive significance and costs of the cocoon jumping have not been thoroughly studied. We hypothesised that jumping has the fitness benefits of enabling habitat selection by avoiding unfavourable environments. We conducted laboratory experiments, which demonstrated that jumping frequencies increased in the presence of light, with greater magnitudes of temperature increase and at lower relative humidity. In addition, whenB. anurusindividuals were allowed to freely jump in an arena with a light gradient, more cocoons were found in the shady area, suggesting microhabitat selection. In a field experiment, mortality of cocoons placed in the sun was significantly higher than for cocoons placed in the shade.B. anuruscocoons respond to environmental stress by jumping, resulting in habitat selection. In the presence of potential predators (ants), jumping frequencies were higher than in the control (no ant) arenas, though jumping frequencies decreased after direct contact with the predators. Body mass ofB. anuruscocoons induced to jump significantly decreased over time than cocoons that did not jump, suggesting a cost to jumping. We discuss the benefits and costs of jumping behaviour and potential evolutionary advantages of this peculiar trait, which is present in a limited number of species.