Short communication:: Identification of diseased calves by use of data from automatic milk feeders
Short communication:: Identification of diseased calves by use of data from automatic milk feeders
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DOI：
10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(07)71584-9
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发表时间：
2007-02-01
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Jensen, M. B.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Svensson, C.;Jensen, M. B.
与单独饲养相比，将小牛大群饲养与呼吸道疾病的风险较高相关，并且在识别患病动物方面存在更大的困难。本研究的目的是探讨临床疾病对断奶前犊牛的一些行为记录的自动喂奶机的影响。该实验包括来自丹麦研究农场的27头小牛和来自瑞典研究农场的41头小牛。小牛从计算机控制的给奶器中限制性喂养，所有小牛接受3 - 26天的每日临床检查，收集关于一般状况、鼻涕、肺部听诊结果、咳嗽、脱水体征、海军状态、直肠温度、粪便粘稠度和下巴脓肿、关节炎、脐疝、身体状况差和被毛差的信息。腹泻、呼吸道疾病、发热或非特异性全身状况下降超过2天的小牛被视为患病，并在至少2天内无疾病临床体征时宣布已恢复。临床状态（健康，患病）的奖励和无奖励的访问小牛饲养器和饮酒率的数量的影响，分别进行了方差分量分析，使用混合模型。使用Wilcoxon符号秩检验比较小牛患病和非患病日的牛奶消耗量。在研究期间，共有53头小牛被诊断为患病。所有病例均为轻度，与未受影响或仅轻度影响的一般状况相关。在51头小牛中诊断出腹泻，其中6头还患有呼吸道疾病。在2头小牛中，呼吸道疾病是唯一的诊断。11头小牛出现非特异性全身状况下降。当小牛患病时，无报酬的探视次数显著减少。在瑞典小牛，也有一种倾向，奖励访问减少在患病的日子。饮酒率和奖励访问的数量随着年龄的增长而增加。未检测到临床状态对牛奶消耗量的影响。在监测的4种饲喂行为中，未获得奖励的访视次数是最敏感的，可指示饲喂限制奶量的小牛的临床疾病。
Housing calves in large groups is associated with a higher risk of respiratory disease and with increased difficulties in identifying diseased animals compared with single housing. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of clinical disease on some behaviors recorded by automatic milk feeders in preweaned dairy calves. The experiment included 27 calves from a Danish research farm and 41 calves from a Swedish research farm. The calves were fed restrictively from a computer-controlled milk feeder, and all calves were subjected to daily clinical examinations for 3 to 26 d, with information gathered on general condition, nasal discharge, lung auscultation findings, coughing, signs of dehydration, naval status, rectal temperature, fecal consistency, and presence of chin abscess, arthritis, umbilical hernia, poor body condition, and poor hair coat. Calves suffering from diarrhea, respiratory disease, fever, or unspecific decreased general condition for more than 2 d were considered to be diseased and were declared to have recovered when they had been free of clinical signs of the disease for at least 2 d. The effects of clinical status (healthy, diseased) on the number of rewarded and unrewarded visits to the calf feeder and drinking rate, respectively, were analyzed by variance component analysis using a mixed model. Milk consumption on diseased and nondiseased days within calves was compared using a Wilcoxon signed rank test. In total, 53 of the calves were diagnosed as diseased during the study period. All cases of diseases were mild and were associated with an unaffected or only mildly affected general condition. Diarrhea was diagnosed in 51 calves, 6 of which also had respiratory disease. In 2 calves, respiratory disease was the only diagnosis. Eleven calves had an unspecific decreased general condition. The number of unrewarded visits was significantly reduced when calves were diseased. In Swedish calves, there was also a tendency for rewarded visits to be reduced during diseased days. Drinking rate and number of rewarded visits increased with increasing age. No effect of clinical status on milk consumption was detected. The number of unrewarded visits was the most sensitive of the 4 feeding behaviors monitored to indicate clinical disease in calves fed restricted milk volumes.