Diversity and Disease: The Effects of Coral Diversity on Prevalence and Impacts of Stony Coral Tissue Loss Disease in Saint Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands-猫眼课题宝

DOI：

10.3389/fmars.2021.682688

发表时间：

2021-06

期刊：

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作者：

Sophia V. Costa;Stephanie J. Hibberts;Danielle A. Olive;Kayla A Budd;Alex Long;S. Meiling;Madyson B. Miller;Kelsey Vaughn;Claudia I. Carrión;M. Cohen;Anna E. Savage;M. F. Souza;Lorraine M. Buckley;K. Grimes;R. Platenberg;T. Smith;J. Blondeau;M. Brandt

石珊瑚组织丧失病(SCTLD)于2019年1月在美属维尔京群岛的圣托马斯首次发现。这种疾病影响到至少20种珊瑚物种；然而，珊瑚礁多样性如何影响其传播或对珊瑚礁生态系统的影响尚不清楚。对于大量的敏感物种，SCTLD可能不遵循多样性-疾病假说，该假说认为物种多样性高与疾病流行呈负相关。相反，SCTLD可能有更高的患病率，对珊瑚多样性较高的珊瑚礁影响更大。为了验证这一点，2020年，我们重新采样了圣托马斯周围的54个地点，此前美国国家海洋和大气管理局国家珊瑚礁监测项目曾在2017年或2019年进行过调查。这些地点代表了各种物种多样性价值[被归类为差(&lt；12种。有钱人。)和Rich(≥12 spp.富有。)]在多个病区(地方病：出现疾病≥9个月；流行病：出现疾病2-6个月；控制和紧急情况：疾病不出现疾病/&lt；2个月)。我们假设，与多样性-疾病假说相反，物种多样性高的地点(以物种丰富度或辛普森指数衡量)将在流行区内有更高的疾病流行，并且高物种多样性地点将在流行区内受到疾病的更大影响。结果表明，疫区的疾病流行与多样性呈显著正相关，在疫区也有类似的趋势。此外，暴发前的多样性与流行区内多样性和珊瑚覆盖的丧失之间存在负相关关系。这支持了更高的多样性预示着更大的疾病影响的假设，并表明SCTLD并不遵循多样性-疾病假说。在流行区内，SCTLD患病率最高的物种是圆柱石竹属、菜蛾和梅兰花，而在流行区内，迷宫双歧、假木通、海绵藻和剑麻的SCTLD患病率最高。了解物种多样性和小岛屿发展中国家之间的关系将有助于管理人员预测最脆弱的珊瑚礁，这些珊瑚礁应该在美属维尔京群岛和大加勒比区域内优先考虑。

Stony coral tissue loss disease (SCTLD) was first observed in St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands (USVI) in January 2019. This disease affects at least 20 scleractinian coral species; however, it is not well understood how reef diversity affects its spread or its impacts on reef ecosystems. With a large number of susceptible species, SCTLD may not follow the diversity-disease hypothesis, which proposes that high species diversity is negatively correlated with disease prevalence. Instead, SCTLD may have a higher prevalence and a greater impact on reefs with higher coral diversity. To test this, in 2020 we resampled 54 sites around St. Thomas previously surveyed in 2017 or 2019 by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Coral Reef Monitoring Program. These sites represented a variety of species diversity values [categorized into poor (<12 spp. rich.) and rich (≥12 spp. rich.)] in multiple disease zones (Endemic: disease present ≥ 9 months; Epidemic: disease present 2–6 months; Control and Emergent: disease present no disease/<2 months). We hypothesized that, contrary to the diversity-disease hypothesis, sites with high species diversity (as measured by species richness or Simpson’s index) would have higher disease prevalence within the epidemic zone, and that high species diversity sites would have a greater impact from disease within the endemic zone. Results indicated a significant positive relationship between disease prevalence and diversity in the epidemic zone, and a similar trend in the endemic zones. Additionally, a negative relationship was seen between pre-outbreak diversity and loss of diversity and coral cover within the endemic zone. This supports the hypothesis that higher diversity predicts greater disease impact and suggests that SCTLD does not follow the diversity-disease hypothesis. Within the epidemic zone, the species with the highest SCTLD prevalence were Dendrogyra cylindrus, Colpophyllia natans, and Meandrina meandrites, while in the endemic zone, Diploria labyrinthiformis, Pseudodiploria strigosa, Montastraea cavernosa, and Siderastrea siderea had the highest SCTLD prevalence. Understanding the relationship between species diversity and SCTLD will help managers predict the most vulnerable reefs, which should be prioritized within the USVI and greater Caribbean region.

Diversity and Disease: The Effects of Coral Diversity on Prevalence and Impacts of Stony Coral Tissue Loss Disease in Saint Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands

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