Microbial and biochemical basis of a Fusarium wilt-suppressive soil
Microbial and biochemical basis of a Fusarium wilt-suppressive soil
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DOI：
10.1038/ismej.2015.95
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发表时间：
2016-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
11
通讯作者：
Kwak, Youn-Sig
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cha, Jae-Yul;Han, Sangjo;Kwak, Youn-Sig
农作物缺乏对大多数坏死性病原体的遗传抗性。为了弥补这一劣势，植物招募土壤微生物组的拮抗成员来保护它们的根免受病原体和其他害虫的侵害。这种以微生物为基础的根系防御的最好例子是在抗病土壤中观察到的，在这种土壤中，抑制作用是由连续生长的作物引起的，这些作物对病原体敏感，但大多数的分子基础知之甚少。本文报道了一种对草莓枯萎病具有特异性抑制作用的韩国土壤的微生物特性。在这种土壤中，尖孢镰刀菌对草莓根部的攻击导致微生物防御者的反应，其中放线菌的成员似乎起着关键作用。我们还鉴定了链霉菌基因，负责核糖体合成一种新型热稳定抗真菌硫肽抗生素，抑制尖孢镰刀菌，以及抗生素对真菌细胞壁生物合成的作用模式。从田间到分子水平解剖这种抑制土壤需要经典和社区导向的方法，结果突出了天然抗生素作为根际微生物战争武器的作用，这对植物的健康、活力和发育是不可或缺的。
Crops lack genetic resistance to most necrotrophic pathogens. To compensate for this disadvantage, plants recruit antagonistic members of the soil microbiome to defend their roots against pathogens and other pests. The best examples of this microbially based defense of roots are observed in disease-suppressive soils in which suppressiveness is induced by continuously growing crops that are susceptible to a pathogen, but the molecular basis of most is poorly understood. Here we report the microbial characterization of a Korean soil with specific suppressiveness to Fusarium wilt of strawberry. In this soil, an attack on strawberry roots by Fusarium oxysporum results in a response by microbial defenders, of which members of the Actinobacteria appear to have a key role. We also identify Streptomyces genes responsible for the ribosomal synthesis of a novel heat-stable antifungal thiopeptide antibiotic inhibitory to F. oxysporum and the antibiotic's mode of action against fungal cell wall biosynthesis. Both classical-and community-oriented approaches were required to dissect this suppressive soil from the field to the molecular level, and the results highlight the role of natural antibiotics as weapons in the microbial warfare in the rhizosphere that is integral to plant health, vigor and development.