Decision-related pupil dilation reflects upcoming choice and individual bias
Decision-related pupil dilation reflects upcoming choice and individual bias
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1317557111
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发表时间：
2014-02-04
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Donner, Tobias H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
de Gee, Jan Willem;Knapen, Tomas;Donner, Tobias H.
许多研究表明，瞳孔大小增加短暂的努力决定。这些与决策相关的瞳孔大小变化是由中枢神经调节系统介导的，中枢神经调节系统也会影响参与决策的大脑区域的内部状态。有人提出，瞳孔相关的神经调节系统被激活的决定过程的终止，因此，这些系统主要影响决策后的大脑状态。在这里，我们提出了学生的结果，这一建议相反，这表明一个重要的决策内的作用。我们测量瞳孔的大小，而受试者形成的存在或不存在（“是”与“否”）的视觉对比度信号嵌入动态噪声的持久的决定。线性系统分析表明，在整个决策形成过程中，学生受到持续输入的显著驱动。在最终选择期间，该持续分量大于瞬态分量（由按钮按下指示）。无论目标信号的物理存在如何，在决策形成期间瞳孔扩张的总体幅度在是选择之前比否选择之前更大。值得注意的是，这种学生选择效应（是>否）的大小反映了个体标准：在保守的受试者中，这种效应最强，因为他们反对偏见。我们的结论是，控制瞳孔大小的中枢神经调节系统在决策形成过程中不断参与，揭示了即将到来的选择如何与决策者的态度有关。在面对不确定性时，大脑状态的变化似乎与有偏见的决策相互作用。
A number of studies have shown that pupil size increases transiently during effortful decisions. These decision-related changes in pupil size are mediated by central neuromodulatory systems, which also influence the internal state of brain regions engaged in decision making. It has been proposed that pupil-linked neuromodulatory systems are activated by the termination of decision processes, and, consequently, that these systems primarily affect the postdecisional brain state. Here, we present pupil results that run contrary to this proposal, suggesting an important intradecisional role. We measured pupil size while subjects formed protracted decisions about the presence or absence ("yes" vs. "no") of a visual contrast signal embedded in dynamic noise. Linear systems analysis revealed that the pupil was significantly driven by a sustained input throughout the course of the decision formation. This sustained component was larger than the transient component during the final choice (indicated by button press). The overall amplitude of pupil dilation during decision formation was bigger before yes than no choices, irrespective of the physical presence of the target signal. Remarkably, the magnitude of this pupil choice effect (yes > no) reflected the individual criterion: it was strongest in conservative subjects choosing yes against their bias. We conclude that the central neuromodulatory systems controlling pupil size are continuously engaged during decision formation in a way that reveals how the upcoming choice relates to the decision maker's attitude. Changes in brain state seem to interact with biased decision making in the face of uncertainty.