Approaching the motional ground state of a 10-kg object-猫眼课题宝

DOI：

10.1126/science.abh2634

发表时间：

2021-02

期刊：

Science

影响因子：

56.9

通讯作者：

中科院分区：

综合性期刊1区

文献类型：

作者：

C. Whittle;E. Hall;S. Dwyer;N. Mavalvala;V. Sudhir;R. Abbott;A. Ananyeva;C. Austin;L. Barsotti;J. Betzwieser;C. Blair;A. Brooks;D. Brown;A. Buikema;C. Cahillane;J. Driggers;A. Effler;Á. Fernández-Galiana;P. Fritschel;V. Frolov;T. Hardwick;M. Kasprzack;K. Kawabe;N. Kijbunchoo;J. Kissel;G. Mansell;F. Matichard;L. McCuller;T. McRae;A. Mullavey;A. Pele;R. Schofield;D. Sigg;M. Tse;G. Vajente;D. Vander-Hyde;Hang Yu;Haocun Yu;C. Adams;R. Adhikari;S. Appert;K. Arai;J. Areeda;Y. Asali;S. Aston;A. Baer;M. Ball;S. Ballmer;S. Banagiri;D. Barker;J. Bartlett;B. Berger;D. Bhattacharjee;G. Billingsley;S. Biscans;R. Blair;N. Bode;P. Booker;R. Bork;A. Bramley;K. Cannon;X. Chen;A. Ciobanu;F. Clara;C. Compton;S. Cooper;K. Corley;S. Countryman;P. Covas;D. Coyne;L. Datrier;D. Davis;C. D. Fronzo;K. Dooley;P. Dupej;T. Etzel;M. Evans;T. Evans;J. Feicht;P. Fulda;M. Fyffe;J. Giaime;K. Giardina;P. Godwin;E. Goetz;S. Gras;C. Gray;R. Gray;A. Green;E. Gustafson;R. Gustafson;J. Hanks;J. Hanson;R. Hasskew;M. Heintze;A. Helmling-Cornell;N. Holland;J. Jones;S. Kandhasamy;S. Karki;P. King;Rahul Kumar;M. Landry;B. Lane;B. Lantz;M. Laxen;Y. Lecoeuche;J. Leviton;J. Liu;M. Lormand;A. Lundgren;R. Macas;M. Macinnis;D. Macleod;S. M'arka;Z. M'arka;D. Martynov;K. Mason;T. Massinger;R. McCarthy;D. McClelland;S. Mccormick;J. McIver;G. Mendell;K. Merfeld;E. Merilh;F. Meylahn;T. Mistry;R. Mittleman;G. Moreno;C. Mow-Lowry;S. Mozzon;T. Nelson;P. Nguyen;L. Nuttall;J. Oberling;R. Oram;C. Osthelder;D. Ottaway;H. Overmier;J. R. Palamos;W. Parker;E. Payne;R. Penhorwood;C. Perez;M. Pirello;H. Radkins;K. Ramirez;J. Richardson;K. Riles;N. Robertson;J. Rollins;C. Romel;J. Romie;M. Ross;K. Ryan;T. Sadecki;E. Sanchez;L. Sanchez;T. R. Saravanan;R. Savage;D. Schaetzl;R. Schnabel;E. Schwartz;D. Sellers;T. Shaffer;B. Slagmolen;J. R. Smith;S. Soni;B. Sorazu;A. Spencer;K. Strain;L. Sun;M. J. Szczepa'nczyk;M. Thomas;P. Thomas;K. Thorne;K. Toland;C. Torrie;G. Traylor;A. Urban;G. Valdes;P. Veitch;K. Venkateswara;Gautam Venugopalan;A. Viets;T. Vo;C. Vorvick;M. Wade;R. Ward;J. Warner;B. Weaver;R. Weiss;B. Willke;C. Wipf;L. Xiao;H. Yamamoto;L. Zhang;M. Zucker;J. Zweizig

将物体冷却至低温可以提高传感器的灵敏度和大多数设备的运行性能。消除大部分热振动或声子，使物体达到其运动量子基态已经实现，但通常是用微小的纳米级物体。使用激光干涉引力波天文台（LIGO）的悬挂镜，形成一个10公斤的光机械振荡器，惠特尔等人证明了将这样一个大规模的物体冷却到接近运动基态的能力。对LIGO进行这样的修改可以提高其对引力波的灵敏度和范围，同时也可以将量子力学的研究扩展到大尺度物体。科学，abh2634，本期第1333页一个10公斤的机械振荡器，LIGO的镜子，被冷却到接近其运动量子基态。一个机械物体的运动，即使是一个人类大小的物体，也应该受到量子力学规则的支配。然而，将它们诱导到量子态是困难的，因为热环境掩盖了物体运动的任何量子特征。热环境也掩盖了量子力学在大质量尺度上的拟议修改的影响。我们准备了一个10公斤重的机械振荡器的质心运动，它处于平均声子占有率为10.8的状态。温度的降低，从室温到77 nanokelvin，与反馈对量子反作用的11个数量级的抑制和接近其运动基态的物体质量的13个数量级的增加是相称的。我们的方法将使在大质量量子系统上探测引力成为可能。

Really cool mirrors Cooling objects to low temperature can increase the sensitivity of sensors and the operational performance of most devices. Removing most of the thermal vibrations—or phonons—such that the object reaches its motional quantum ground state has been achieved but typically with tiny, nanoscale objects. Using the suspended mirrors of the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) that form a 10-kg optomechanical oscillator, Whittle et al. demonstrate the ability to cool such a large-scale object to nearly the motional ground state. An upgrade to LIGO with such a modification could increase its sensitivity and range to gravitational waves but also extend studies of quantum mechanics to large-scale objects. Science, abh2634, this issue p. 1333 A 10-kg mechanical oscillator, the mirror of LIGO, is cooled to near its motional quantum ground state. The motion of a mechanical object, even a human-sized object, should be governed by the rules of quantum mechanics. Coaxing them into a quantum state is, however, difficult because the thermal environment masks any quantum signature of the object’s motion. The thermal environment also masks the effects of proposed modifications of quantum mechanics at large mass scales. We prepared the center-of-mass motion of a 10-kilogram mechanical oscillator in a state with an average phonon occupation of 10.8. The reduction in temperature, from room temperature to 77 nanokelvin, is commensurate with an 11 orders-of-magnitude suppression of quantum back-action by feedback and a 13 orders-of-magnitude increase in the mass of an object prepared close to its motional ground state. Our approach will enable the possibility of probing gravity on massive quantum systems.

Approaching the motional ground state of a 10-kg object

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