Lung Pericytes and Resident Fibroblasts Busy Multitaskers
Lung Pericytes and Resident Fibroblasts Busy Multitaskers
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ajpath.2016.07.004
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发表时间：
2016-10-01
影响因子：
6
通讯作者：
Duffield, Jeremy S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Barron, Luke;Gharib, Sina A.;Duffield, Jeremy S.
周细胞、常驻成纤维细胞和间充质干细胞是描述不清的细胞群。它们最近在啮齿动物的肺中被更详细地表征，并被证明在发育、体内平衡、对损伤和病原体的反应以及从损伤中恢复中发挥重要作用。这些密切相关的间充质细胞群与肺的内部结构以及内外表面形成广泛的联系。它们产生和重塑细胞外基质，共同调节脉管系统，帮助维持和恢复上皮，并充当免疫系统的哨兵。在这篇综述中，我们回顾了这些功能的显著进展表征和跟踪肺成纤维细胞群体在啮齿动物。谱系追踪实验绘制了遗传图谱，确定了区分肺周细胞和成纤维细胞的功能，确定了间充质干细胞的一个亚群，并表明这些群体是肺部疾病中病理性成纤维细胞和肌成纤维细胞的主要祖细胞。这些发现表明，在急性肺损伤以及纤维化和退行性疾病中，常驻肺间充质群体作为治疗靶点的重要性。周细胞和常驻成纤维细胞远不是被动和静止的，而是通过不同的机制，忙于感知和响应肺健康和功能的变化。
Pericytes, resident fibroblasts, and mesenchymal stem cells are poorly described cell populations. They have recently been characterized in much greater detail in rodent lungs and have been shown to play important roles in development, homeostasis, response to injury and pathogens, as well as recovery from damage. These closely related mesenchymal cell populations form extensive connections to the Lung's internal structure, as well as its internal and external surfaces. They generate and remodel extracellular matrix, coregulate the vasculature, help maintain and restore the epithelium, and act as sentries for the immune system. In this review, we revisit these functions in light of significant advances in characterizing and tracking lung fibroblast populations in rodents. Lineage tracing experiments have mapped the heritage, identified functions that discriminate lung pericytes from resident fibroblasts, identified a subset of mesenchymal stem cells, and shown these populations to be the predominant progenitors of pathological fibroblasts and myofibroblasts in lung diseases. These findings point to the importance of resident Lung mesenchymal populations as therapeutic targets in acute lung injury as well as fibrotic and degenerative diseases. Far from being passive and quiescent, pericytes and resident fibroblasts are busily sensing and responding, through diverse mechanisms, to changes in lung health and function.