Within- and between-Day Variability of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in Municipal Wastewater during Periods of Varying COVID-19 Prevalence and Positivity
Within- and between-Day Variability of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in Municipal Wastewater during Periods of Varying COVID-19 Prevalence and Positivity
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DOI：
10.1021/acsestwater.1c00178
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发表时间：
2021-08-13
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Bibby, Kyle
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文献类型：
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作者：
Bivins, Aaron;North, Devin;Bibby, Kyle
对严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA 的废水监测正在用于监测社区中的 2019 年冠状病毒病 (COVID-19) 趋势；然而，初级进水中 SARS-CoV-2 RNA 浓度的日内和日间变化在很大程度上仍未得到表征。在当前的研究中，美国印第安纳州北部的两个污水处理厂 (WWTP) 在两个 24 小时期间内每 2 小时进行一次进水取样。废水中内源 SARS-CoV-2 RNA 的回收效率被证实与过程对照牛呼吸道合胞病毒 (BRSV) 的回收效率相似。主要进水中经过恢复校正的 SARS-CoV-2 RNA 浓度表明了昼夜负荷模式，并确认依赖于抓取样本的监测应针对粪便负荷较高的白天时段。重要的是，在污水处理厂进行的手动合成导致浓度始终低于抓取样品的平均值，这表明存在潜在偏差。未校正、恢复校正和胡椒轻度斑驳病毒 (PMMoV) 归一化的 SARS-CoV-2 RNA 浓度显示出与临床 COVID-19 阳性率增加的顺序一致，但与 COVID-19 病例的增加无关。在无法获得地理定位的 COVID-19 病例数据的地区，COVID-19 阳性率可以提供有用的县级指标，用于与废水进行比较。尽管如此，日内和日间的巨大变化可能会妨碍除相关性之外的稳健定量分析。
Wastewater surveillance of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA is being used to monitor Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) trends in communities; however, within- and between-day variation of SARS-CoV-2 RNA concentration in primary influent remains largely uncharacterized. In the current study, grab sampling of primary influent was performed every 2 h over two 24-h periods at two wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in northern Indiana, USA. The recovery efficiency of endogenous SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater was confirmed to be similar to the recovery efficiency of the process control, bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV). Recovery-corrected SARS-CoV-2 RNA concentrations in primary influent indicate diurnal loading patterns and confirm monitoring dependent on grab samples should target daytime periods with high fecal loading. Importantly, manual compositing performed at the WWTP resulted in concentrations that were consistently lower than grab sample averages indicating potential bias. Uncorrected, recovery-corrected, and pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV)-normalized SARS-CoV-2 RNA concentrations demonstrated an ordinal agreement with increasing clinical COVID-19 positivity but not COVID-19 cases. In areas where geolocated COVID-19 case data are not available, the COVID-19 positivity rate could provide a useful county-level metric for comparison with wastewater. Nonetheless, large variation both within- and between-days may preclude robust quantitative analyses beyond correlation.