Centennial variations in sunspot number, open solar flux, and streamer belt width: 1. Correction of the sunspot number record since 1874
Centennial variations in sunspot number, open solar flux, and streamer belt width: 1. Correction of the sunspot number record since 1874
复制标题
太阳黑子数、开放太阳通量和流带宽度的百年变化： 1. 1874年以来太阳黑子数记录的修正
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
L. Barnard
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Lockwood;M. Owens;L. Barnard
我们分析了广泛使用的国际/苏黎世太阳黑子数记录 R，以量化 1945 年左右可疑的校准不连续性（被称为“Waldmeier 不连续性”）。我们使用太阳黑子组的数量 NG 和太阳黑子的总面积 AG 将 R 与来自皇家格林威治天文台网络和太阳光学观测网络的复合太阳黑子组数据进行比较。此外，我们将 R 与最近开发的日间变率地磁指数 IDV 和 IDV(1d) 进行比较。在所有四种情况下，均不假定与 R 的关系呈线性，并且要注意确保每种情况与 R 的关系在假定的校准更改之前和之后相同。结果表明，不需要校正的概率为 10−8，并且 1945 年之前的 R 确实太低。使用 AG、NG、IDV 和 IDV(1d)，发现对 1945 年之前的值的 R 的最佳校正分别为 11.6%、11.7%、10.3% 和 7.9%。结合太阳黑子组数据得到的最优值为11.6%，在2σ水平上不确定性范围为8.1%~14.8%。地磁指数提供了独立但不太严格的测试，但确实给出了落在 2σ 不确定性范围内的值，最佳值略低于太阳黑子组数据的值。正如 Svalgaard (2011) 所主张的，所需校正的概率高达 20%，结果为 1.6 × 10−5。
We analyze the widely used international/Zürich sunspot number record, R, with a view to quantifying a suspected calibration discontinuity around 1945 (which has been termed the “Waldmeier discontinuity”). We compare R against the composite sunspot group data from the Royal Greenwich Observatory network and the Solar Optical Observing Network, using both the number of sunspot groups, NG, and the total area of the sunspots, AG. In addition, we compare R with the recently developed interdiurnal variability geomagnetic indices IDV and IDV(1d). In all four cases, linearity of the relationship with R is not assumed and care is taken to ensure that the relationship of each with R is the same before and after the putative calibration change. It is shown the probability that a correction is not needed is of order 10−8 and that R is indeed too low before 1945. The optimum correction to R for values before 1945 is found to be 11.6%, 11.7%, 10.3%, and 7.9% using AG, NG, IDV, and IDV(1d), respectively. The optimum value obtained by combining the sunspot group data is 11.6% with an uncertainty range 8.1–14.8% at the 2σ level. The geomagnetic indices provide an independent yet less stringent test but do give values that fall within the 2σ uncertainty band with optimum values are slightly lower than from the sunspot group data. The probability of the correction needed being as large as 20%, as advocated by Svalgaard (2011), is shown to be 1.6 × 10−5.
太阳黑子数量、开放太阳通量和流带宽度的百年变化：2.与地磁数据的比较
DOI：
10.1002/2014ja019972
发表时间：
2014
期刊：
Space Physics
影响因子：
--
作者：
Lockwood M
通讯作者：
Lockwood M