Bacterial Persistent Infection at the Interface Between Host and Microbiota.
Bacterial Persistent Infection at the Interface Between Host and Microbiota.
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宿主和微生物群之间界面的细菌持续感染。
DOI：
10.1093/cid/ciw136
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Yue,Min
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Yue,Min
致编辑：持续或慢性感染是病原体与宿主相互作用、疾病和抗生素耐药出现的基本问题。持久性携带者是引起公共卫生特别关注的问题，因为它们是传播“进化”的耐药病原体的宿主。在本期杂志上，Marzel等人提出了一项有趣的研究，探讨了沙门氏菌持续性感染患者的原因和后果，尽管研究设计和结果解释存在缺陷。作者发现沙门氏菌持续感染的基因突变或变异有限，并且在11名患者中也没有发现平行突变。这些“阴性”结果主要是由于2个因素：基因组测序的短读方法和持续菌株之间的短间隔采样。作者提出的短读技术在研究单核苷酸多态性或indel方面具有强大的能力，尽管它在研究大结构变异和质粒方面存在局限性。在这里，质粒在表型变化中起着重要的作用，因为可以观察到多种增益或损失事件。然而，短谱法对质粒信息的评价不足。细菌取样间隔较短（1-6个月）是另一个限制因素。在持久性细菌中建立的基因突变通常要追踪数年甚至数十年才能被发现[2-5]。因此，遗传变异的积累主要是在间隔超过40天的持久性菌株中发现的（图1）。此外，每个患者对菌株之间的表型变化没有显示
TO THE EDITOR—Persistent or chronic infection is an essential issue for pathogenhost interaction, disease, and antibioticresistant emergence. Persistent carriers are of special public health concern as they represent the reservoirs for spreading the “evolved” pathogen of drugresistant. In current issue, Marzel et al presents an interesting study to explore the causes and consequences of patients with Salmonella persistent infection [1], albeit defects in study designs and results interpretation.The authors showed limited genetic mutations or variations in Salmonella for persistent infection, and parallel mutations were also not identified between eleven patients. These “negative” results are due to 2 major factors: the short-read method for genomic sequencing and short interval sampling between the persistent strains. The short-read technique proposed by the authors has the power in investigating single nucleotide polymorphisms or indel, although it has limitation to study large structure variations and plasmids. Here, plasmids play an important role for phenotypic changes since multiple gain-or-loss events are observed. However, the plasmids information is underappreciated by using shortread method. The short interval for bacterial sampling, spanning 1–6 months, is another limiting factor. Established genetic mutations in persistent bacteria were usually traced for years, even decades, to be detected [2–5]. Accordingly, an accumulation of genetic variations were identified mostly for persistent strains with interval over 40 days (Figure 1). Moreover, the phenotypic changes between the pair strains for each patient showed no