Nicotine enhances auditory processing in healthy and normal-hearing young adult nonsmokers
Nicotine enhances auditory processing in healthy and normal-hearing young adult nonsmokers
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DOI：
10.1007/s00213-019-05421-x
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发表时间：
2020-03-01
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Zeng, Fan-Gang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Pham, Carol Q.;Kapolowicz, Michelle R.;Zeng, Fan-Gang
基本原理电生理学研究表明，全身尼古丁会缩小频率感受野，并增加对特征频率刺激的神经反应增益。我们假设尼古丁增强人类的相关听觉处理。目标 主要假设是尼古丁可以改善听觉表现。第二个假设是尼古丁引起的改善程度取决于个人的基线表现。方法 采用单盲、随机、交叉设计，年轻（18-27 岁）、听力正常的非吸烟者接受尼古丁（尼古丁口香糖，6 毫克）或安慰剂口香糖。受试者在治疗前后进行了四项实验，涉及噪声中的音调检测、时间间隙检测、频谱波纹辨别和选择性听觉注意。根据治疗前基线表现，测量和分析治疗后尼古丁和安慰剂条件之间的感知差异。结果尼古丁显着提高了噪声中音调检测和选择性注意等较困难任务的性能（效应大小 = - 0.3），但对时间间隙检测和光谱纹波辨别等相对容易的任务没有影响。显示出显着尼古丁效应的两项任务进一步显示没有基线依赖性的改善。结论 尼古丁可改善听力困难情况下的听力表现。目前的结果支持未来研究尼古丁对听觉处理缺陷或胆碱能激活减少的临床人群的影响。
Rationale Electrophysiological studies show that systemic nicotine narrows frequency receptive fields and increases gain in neural responses to characteristic frequency stimuli. We postulated that nicotine enhances related auditory processing in humans. Objectives The main hypothesis was that nicotine improves auditory performance. A secondary hypothesis was that the degree of nicotine-induced improvement depends on the individual's baseline performance. Methods Young (18-27 years old), normal-hearing nonsmokers received nicotine (Nicorette gum, 6mg) or placebo gum in a single-blind, randomized, crossover design. Subjects performed four experiments involving tone-in-noise detection, temporal gap detection, spectral ripple discrimination, and selective auditory attention before and after treatment. The perceptual differences between posttreatment nicotine and placebo conditions were measured and analyzed as a function of the pre-treatment baseline performance. Results Nicotine significantly improved performance in the more difficult tasks of tone-in-noise detection and selective attention (effect size = - 0.3) but had no effect on relatively easier tasks of temporal gap detection and spectral ripple discrimination. The two tasks showing significant nicotine effects further showed no baseline-dependent improvement. Conclusions Nicotine improves auditory performance in difficult listening situations. The present results support future investigation of nicotine effects in clinical populations with auditory processing deficits or reduced cholinergic activation.