Life in the Underworld: Anchialine cave biology in the era of speleogenomics
Life in the Underworld: Anchialine cave biology in the era of speleogenomics
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DOI：
10.5038/1827-806x.45.2.1954
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发表时间：
2016-05
影响因子：
1.3
通讯作者：
Jorge L. Pérez-Moreno;T. Iliffe;H. Bracken-Grissom
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Jorge L. Pérez-Moreno;T. Iliffe;H. Bracken-Grissom
Anchialine洞穴包含咸水体，地下连接到海洋，有限的暴露在露天。尽管在世界各地的岛屿和半岛海岸线上都有发现，但近海系统的孤立促进了其居民之间高度地方性的演变。Anchialine洞穴的独特性和其主要的甲壳类生物多样性提名他们作为特别有趣的进化生物学研究课题。然而，目前有一个明显的稀缺现代分子方法被用于研究的Anchialine洞穴生态系统。使用当前和新兴的分子技术，例如，下一代测序（NGS）提供了一个特殊的机会来回答各种长期存在的问题，这些问题涉及物种形成、物种地理学、种群遗传学和进化，以及对这些独特环境的非凡形态和生理适应的出现。将NGS方法与传统的分类学和生态学方法相结合，将有助于阐明近缘海洞穴动物群的独特特征和进化历史，从而在面对当前和未来的人为威胁时，它们的保护意义。在这里，我们回顾了以前的贡献，我们的理解的海洋生物多样性和进化，并讨论了潜在的“speleogenomic”方法，为未来的研究在这些受威胁的系统。
Anchialine caves contain haline bodies of water with underground connections to the ocean and limited exposure to open air. Despite being found on islands and peninsular coastlines around the world, the isolation of anchialine systems has facilitated the evolution of high levels of endemism among their inhabitants. The unique characteristics of anchialine caves and of their predominantly crustacean biodiversity nominate them as particularly interesting study subjects for evolutionary biology. However, there is presently a distinct scarcity of modern molecular methods being employed in the study of anchialine cave ecosystems. The use of current and emerging molecular techniques, e.g., next-generation sequencing (NGS), bestows an exceptional opportunity to answer a variety of long-standing questions pertaining to the realms of speciation, biogeography, population genetics, and evolution, as well as the emergence of extraordinary morphological and physiological adaptations to these unique environments. The integration of NGS methodologies with traditional taxonomic and ecological methods will help elucidate the unique characteristics and evolutionary history of anchialine cave fauna, and thus the significance of their conservation in face of current and future anthropogenic threats. Here we review previous contributions to our understanding of anchialine biodiversity and evolution, and discuss the potential of "speleogenomic" methods for future research in these threatened systems.