Deep South: A Social Anthropological Study of Caste and Class
Deep South: A Social Anthropological Study of Caste and Class
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DOI：
10.2307/1052688
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发表时间：
1941
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Allison Davis;B. Gardner;Mary R. Gardner
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Allison Davis;B. Gardner;Mary R. Gardner
这是南方社会分层的一个里程碑式的研究。《南方腹地》于1941年首次出版，是一组社会人类学家的合作成果，通过对密西西比州一个具有代表性的农村社区的研究，记录了吉姆·克劳南方的经济、种族和文化特征。研究人员艾莉森·戴维斯、伯利·b·加德纳和玛丽·r·加德纳住在密西西比州纳奇兹的人们中间，调查阶级和种姓如何影响一个典型的南方社区的日常生活。他们的研究的南方经典版本为当代历史学生提供了一个具有挑衅性的原始材料集合，这些材料是由认真和训练有素的参与者观察者收集的，他们发现当时和现在一样，种族紧张关系的根源是交织在一起的社会和经济不平等。“深南计划”（Deep South Project）的研究人员在早期通过社会阶层对社区分层进行研究的基础上，引入了种姓（caste）这个额外的概念，它通过出生时分配的严格的社会等级来解析一个社区，这种等级在一生中都是不可改变的——这一概念很容易在南方实行种族隔离的种族划分中得到识别。作为非裔美国人研究人员，戴维斯和他的妻子伊丽莎白，以及他的助手圣克莱尔·德雷克（St. Clair Drake），能够获得无与伦比的机会，进入密西西比州农村的黑人社区，这是白人同行无法获得的。通过他们的采访和经历，作者生动地捕捉到了租户-房东关系、地方政府和执法部门在种姓执行系统中的细微差别。但《南方腹地》的主要成就在于它对南方经济制度，尤其是分成制，如何维持严格的种族等级划分进行了丰富的分析。在本版本的新介绍中，詹妮弗·詹森·瓦拉赫将这一萌芽研究置于社会人类学领域，并与当时类似社区研究的背景相对照。她还详细介绍了这一杰出研究团队随后的职业生涯。
This is a landmark study in Southern social stratification. First published in 1941, "Deep South" is the cooperative effort of a team of social anthropologists to document the economic, racial, and cultural character of the Jim Crow South through a study of a representative rural Mississippi community. Researchers Allison Davis, Burleigh B. Gardner, and Mary R. Gardner lived among the people of Natchez, Mississippi, as they investigated how class and caste informed daily life in a typical southern community. This Southern Classics edition of their study offers contemporary students of history a provocative collection of primary material gathered by conscientious and well-trained participant-observers, who found then - as now - intertwined social and economic inequalities at the root of racial tensions. Expanding on earlier studies of community stratification by social class, researchers in the "Deep South Project" introduced the additional concept of caste, which parsed a community through rigid social ranks assigned at birth and unalterable through life - a concept readily identifiable in the racial divisions of the Jim Crow South. As African American researchers, Davis and his wife, Elizabeth, along with his assistant St. Clair Drake, were able to gain unrivaled access to the black community in rural Mississippi, unavailable to their white counterparts. Through their interviews and experiences, the authors vividly capture the nuances in caste-enforcing systems of tenant-landlord relations, local government, and law enforcement. But the chief achievement of "Deep South" is its rich analysis of how the southern economic system, and sharecropping in particular, functioned to maintain rigid caste divisions along racial lines. In the new introduction to this edition, Jennifer Jensen Wallach situates this germinal study within the field of social anthropology and against the backdrop of similar community studies of the era. She also details the subsequent careers of this distinguished team of researchers.