Genetic fingerprinting identifies apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) fruit cultivars in historic orchards on public lands
Genetic fingerprinting identifies apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) fruit cultivars in historic orchards on public lands
复制标题
基因指纹识别公共土地上历史悠久的果园中的苹果（Malus Domestica Borkh.）水果品种
DOI：
10.1007/s10722-021-01175-8
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
R. Mazur
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
G. Volk;K. McCardle;J. Serin;Jonathan Magby;R. Mazur
1966 年《国家历史保护法案》要求对联邦土地上的历史资源（包括果园）进行潜在意义评估。评估包括对果园布局和位置以及树木的建筑、年龄、条件和品种的评估和记录。这些因素可能揭示果园的历史和独特性，并决定果园的历史重要性。果树品种鉴定是这个难题的关键部分。它们揭示了有关果园的用途、起源和独特性的信息。过去，历史保护主义者依靠果树学家主要根据树木的表型特征来识别品种。 DNA 指纹技术与高质量的参考品种收藏相结合，极大地提高了遗产品种鉴定的准确性。我们以红木国家公园和州立公园以及埃尔多拉多国家森林果园中的树木为例，展示了在联邦土地上使用 DNA 技术进行品种鉴定的实用性。使用来自美国农业部国家植物种质系统、华盛顿州立大学、Seed Savers Exchange 和温带果园保护协会的 1319 个苹果品种的参考集，对这些地点的总共 87 棵历史悠久的苹果树进行了基因分型，并确定了 35 棵树的品种名称。一些未识别的树木可能是未包含在参考集中的品种，而其他树木可能是从种子衍生的独特树木。从基因指纹分析中获得的信息将有助于确定公共土地上果园的历史意义。
The National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 mandates that historic resources, including orchards, on federal lands be evaluated for potential significance. Evaluations include assessments and documentation of an orchard’s layout and location, as well as the architecture, ages, conditions, and cultivars of trees. These factors may reveal an orchard’s history and uniqueness and determine an orchard’s historic importance. Fruit tree cultivar identities are a key piece of this puzzle. They reveal information about an orchard’s use, origin, and uniqueness. In the past, historic preservationists relied on pomologists to identify cultivars based primarily on the phenotypic traits of the tree. DNA fingerprinting technologies, in combination with high-quality reference cultivar collections, have dramatically improved the accuracy of heritage cultivar identification. We demonstrate the utility of using DNA technologies for cultivar identifications on federal lands using examples from trees in orchards of Redwood National and State Parks and the Eldorado National Forest. A total of 87 historic apple trees from these locations were genotyped and cultivar names were determined for 35 trees, using a reference set of 1319 apple cultivars from the USDA National Plant Germplasm System, Washington State University, Seed Savers Exchange, and Temperate Orchard Conservancy. Some of the trees that were not identified may be cultivars that are not included in the reference sets and others may be unique trees derived from seeds. The information derived from genetic fingerprinting analyses will aid in the determination of the historic significance of orchards on public lands.