Tailoring Release Protocols to Individual Species and Sites: One Size Does Not Fit All
Tailoring Release Protocols to Individual Species and Sites: One Size Does Not Fit All
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针对个别物种和地点定制释放协议：一种方法并不适用于所有情况
作者：
K. Moseby;B. Hill;T. Lavery
受威胁物种的再引入计划通常包括精心设计的释放策略，旨在提高成功率，但它们的优势很少得到科学的检验。我们使用了一组四个实验来证明，释放策略对短期再引入结果的影响与内在和外在因素有关。我们比较了不同的再引入策略，三种哺乳动物在干旱的环境中，外来哺乳动物捕食者被删除。野生更大的棒巢大鼠选择植被庇护所的网站，更大的结构密度比圈养繁殖的大鼠，旅行进一步从释放现场，并经历了较低的死亡率。相比之下，野生和圈养的大比尔比之间的死亡率或运动没有差异。穴居bettongs和更大的bilbies也进行了立即和延迟释放策略，而没有发现差异bilbies，bettongs进行延迟释放失去了更少的重量，花更少的时间来建立洞穴比那些立即释放。处理反应的种间差异归因于捕食风险，释放网站的性质，和行为特征，如住房投资和社会性。我们的不同结果突出了综述文章的不足之处，重点是最佳的释放协议，由于他们试图概括跨物种和释放网站。我们提供了一个预测模型的例子，以指导未来的释放策略实验，认识到影响再引入结果的内在和外在因素的范围。我们鼓励研究人员以实验方式对待程序，确定可能影响释放策略的个别地点和物种特征，并记录有关运动，死亡率，重量动态以及定居时间和距离的数据。困扰大多数再引入实验的样本量小和统计功效低的固有问题表明，还需要增加数据集的标准化和公布，以进行适当的荟萃分析。
Reintroduction programs for threatened species often include elaborate release strategies designed to improve success, but their advantages are rarely tested scientifically. We used a set of four experiments to demonstrate that the influence of release strategies on short-term reintroduction outcomes is related to both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. We compared different reintroduction strategies for three mammal species in an arid environment where exotic mammalian predators were removed. Wild greater stick-nest rats selected vegetation shelter sites with greater structural density than captive-bred rats, travelled further from the release site and experienced lower rates of mortality. In comparison, there was no difference in mortality or movement between wild and captive-bred greater bilbies. Burrowing bettongs and greater bilbies were also subjected to immediate and delayed release strategies and whilst no difference was detected in bilbies, bettongs that were subjected to delayed releases lost less weight and took less time to establish burrows than those that were immediately released. Interspecific differences in treatment response were attributed to predation risk, the nature of the release site, and behavioural traits such as shelter investment and sociality. Our varied results highlight the inadequacies of review articles focusing on optimum release protocols due to their attempt to generalise across species and release sites. We provide an example of a predictive model to guide future release strategy experimentation that recognises the range of intrinsic and extrinsic factors influencing reintroduction outcomes. We encourage researchers to treat programs experimentally, identify individual site and species characters that may influence release strategies and record data on movements, mortality, weight dynamics, and settling times and distances. The inherent issues of small sample size and low statistical power that plague most reintroduction experiments suggests there is also a need for increased standardisation and publication of data sets to enable appropriate meta-analyses to occur.