Growth without Scale Effects
Growth without Scale Effects
复制标题
无规模效应的增长
DOI：
10.1086/250002
复制
发表时间：
1995
影响因子：
8.2
通讯作者：
Alwyn Young
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Alwyn Young
经济规模的扩大增加了成功的创新者可以获得的租金总额，在均衡情况下，这应该会导致创新活动的增加。传统智慧和对内生创新模型的理论预测表明，这种增加的研究努力应该会带来更快的增长。正如Charles Jones所指出的，这一预测与OECD战后的经验不一致，在OECD中，市场的增长确实导致了研发努力的增加，但这种努力已转化为增长率停滞或下降。借鉴博物馆馆长西伯里·C·吉尔菲兰的非凡见解，本文修改了内生创新模型，考虑到创新活动的盈利能力的提高可能会导致针对类似问题的差异化解决方案种类增加。更多种类的技术(例如，避孕药具数量和类型的增加)将提高普通消费者的实用水平。然而，如果这种不断增加的技术种类的持续改进需要增加研究投入，那么市场规模的扩大可以在不提高经济增长率的情况下提高研发的均衡数量。
An increase in the size (scale) of an economy increases the total quantity of rents that can be captured by successful innovators, which, in equilibrium, should lead to a rise in innovative activity. Conventional wisdom and the theoretical predictions of models of endogenous innovation suggest that this increased research effort should lead to more rapid growth. As noted by Charles Jones, this prediction is at odds with the postwar experience of the OECD, where the growth of the market has indeed led to an increased R & D effort that, however, has been translated into stagnat or declining growth rates. Drawing on the remarkable insights of the museum curator Seabury C. Gilfillan, this paper modifies models of endogenous innovation to allow for the possibility that a rise in the profitability of innovative activity could lead to an increased variety of differentiated solutions to similar problems. An increased variety of technologies (e.g., an increase in the number and types of contraceptives) will increase the level of utility of the average consumer. If, however, continued improvement of this increased variety of technologies requires increased research input, a rise in the scale of the market could raise the equilibrium quantity of R & D without increasing the economy's growth rate.