Government control over technology acquisition and firms' entry into new sectors: the experience of Japan's synthetic-fibre industry
Government control over technology acquisition and firms' entry into new sectors: the experience of Japan's synthetic-fibre industry
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政府对技术获取和企业进入新领域的控制：日本合成纤维行业的经验
DOI：
10.1093/oxfordjournals.cje.a035444
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发表时间：
1980
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
T. Ozawa
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
T. Ozawa
日本在20世纪50年代早期以惊人的速度成功地发展了合成纤维工业，而在此期间，日本经济的其他部分仍处于战后重建和工业化的早期阶段。例如，1953年，日本的合成纤维产量超过了当时世界第三的西德德国; 1956年，它超过了英国，日本成为仅次于美国的第二大生产国。在整个60年代，日本合成纤维工业以实物产量年均26-3%的速度持续跨越式增长，缩小了与美国的差距。此外，日本迅速成为世界上最大的合成纤维出口国，这是由于其相对较大的国内产量和较高的出口倾向的综合效应，f主要的合成纤维是在西方发明的（例如，美国的尼龙和英国的聚酯），所涉及的技术被转移到日本公司，这些公司反过来又做出了许多重大改进。日本在技术借鉴方面的能力是众所周知的;事实上，许多发展中国家似乎渴望学习日本的经验。有几项研究主要从宏观经济的角度审查了日本对技术进口的官方控制机制、技术吸收对日本工业竞争力的总体影响以及日本的科学和技术政策。J本文的目的是更严格地集中在一个特定行业的经验，其战后收购外国技术在其发展过程中一直受到政府的密切控制。我们将对日本企业进入合成纤维产业时所采用的一种独特的管制制度（称为“交错进入”公式的制度）进行研究。
Japan succeeded in developing its synthetic-fibre industry with extraordinary swiftness in the early 1950s, a period during which the rest of the country's economy was still in the early postwar stages of reconstruction and industrialisation. In 1953, for instance, Japan's output of synthetic fibres surpassed West Germany's, then third-ranking in the world; in 1956 it surpassed England's, and Japan attained the position of the second largest producer, after the United States. Throughout the 1960s, Japan's synthetic fibre industry continued to grow by leaps and bounds at an average annual rate of 26-3% in terms of physical output, narrowing the gap with the United States. Moreover, Japan quickly emerged as the world's top exporter of synthetic fibres because of the combined effect of its relatively large domestic output and its high propensity to export, f Major synthetic fibres were invented in the West (for example, nylon in the United States and polyester in England), and the technologies involved were transferred to Japanese firms, which in turn made many significant improvements. Japan's prowess in technology borrowing is well known ; in fact, many developing countries seem eager to learn from the Japanese experience. Several studies have examined, mostly in general macroeconomic terms, Japan's official control mechanisms for technology imports, the overall impact of technology absorption on the competitiveness of Japanese industry, and Japan's science and technology policies. J The purpose of this paper is to focus more narrowly on the experience of one particular industry, whose postwar acquisition of foreign technology in its developmental process has been closely controlled by the government. We will examine a unique control system (a system called 'a staggered-entry' formula) as it was applied to the entry of Japanese firms into the synthetic-fibre industry.