The dynamics of bilingualism in language shift ecologies
The dynamics of bilingualism in language shift ecologies
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DOI：
10.1075/lab.22035.gre
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发表时间：
2023-02-24
影响因子：
1.1
通讯作者：
Osipov, Boris
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Grenoble, Lenore A.;Osipov, Boris
世界上很大一部分语言--任何地方都有50%到90%--目前是在我们所说的变化生态环境中使用的，即不稳定的双语或多种语言的情况，说话者，特别是年轻的说话者，不使用他们的祖先语言，而是说大多数语言。本文讨论了在这种转变的生态环境中双语的语言效应的几个相互关联的问题。这些语言生态是动态的：语言选择和偏好会改变，说话者的熟练程度也会改变。一个结果是在这些濒危的语言社区中出现了多种变异。理解变化和转移需要一种建立基准的方法；描述性语法很少提供有关用法和多语言实践的信息。另一个混杂因素是一系列语言变异：地域性(方言)；代际(语言内部变化，没有接触或转移)；基于接触(有或没有转移的联系)；基于熟练程度(由于输入和使用水平的不同而产生的变化)。今天，广泛的、持续的语言变化提供了机会来检查转换的说话者所表现出的语言变化，也就是说，将重点放在语言变化和过程中的损失上，而不是作为最终产品。
A large percentage of the world's languages - anywhere from 50 to 90% - are currently spoken in what we call shift ecologies, situations of unstable bi- or multilingualism where speakers, and in particular younger speakers, do not use their ancestral language but rather speak the majority language. The present paper addresses several interrelated questions with regard to the linguistic effects of bilingualism in such shift ecologies. These language ecologies are dynamic: language choices and preferences change, as do speakers' proficiency levels. One result is multiple kinds of variation in these endangered language communities. Understanding change and shift requires a methodology for establishing a baseline; descriptive grammars rarely provide information about usage and multilingual language practices. An additional confounder is a range of linguistic variation: regional (dialectal); generational (language-internal change without contact or shift); contact-based (contact with or without shift); and proficiency-based (variation which develops as a result of differing levels of input and usage). Widespread, ongoing language shift today provides opportunities to examine the linguistic changes exhibited by shifting speakers, that is, to zero in on language change and loss in process, rather than as an end product.