CONTROL OF CHIRONOMID MIDGES DIPTERA-CHIRONOMIDAE IN RECREATIONAL LAKES
CONTROL OF CHIRONOMID MIDGES DIPTERA-CHIRONOMIDAE IN RECREATIONAL LAKES
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DOI：
10.1093/jee/64.1.300
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发表时间：
1971-01-01
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
MCKEAN, DW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
MULLA, MS;NORLAND, RL;MCKEAN, DW
评估了几种常用和实验性杀虫剂对摇蚊幼虫、摇蚊属、普罗克莱德属和塔尼塔苏属的控制效果。在 2 个休闲湖泊中。在卡拉巴萨斯湖，其底部的水泥表面上有一层薄薄的泥浆，标准杀蠓幼虫剂如 Abate®（O, O-二甲基硫代磷酸酯 O, O-二酯与 4,4'-硫代联苯酚）和倍硫磷被证明非常有效。每英亩 0.5 磅倍硫磷可控制幼虫 7 周以上。在此施用率下，观察到食蚊鱼 Gambusia affinis(Baird & Girard) 的死亡率非常低。每英亩 0.75 磅的剂量可以控制蠓大约 4-5 周，并导致鱼类轻微死亡。 Dursban®（O, O-二乙基O-(3,5,6-三氯-2-吡啶基）硫代磷酸酯）按 0.2 磅/英亩的用量对蠓幼虫产生了持久的控制，抑制作用持续了近 5 个月。在西湖（距卡拉巴萨斯湖约 10 英里）的天然底部，小部分经过处理，倍硫磷按 0.5 磅/英亩的用量对蠓幼虫产生了很少或没有控制。蠓幼虫。每英亩 0.5 磅的减量也产生了类似的结果。每英亩 0.5 和 1.0 磅西维因可产生良好的控制效果，但其寿命仅为 2-3 周。每英亩 0.2 磅的颗粒剂或喷雾剂形式施用的 Dursban 杀虫剂对蠓幼虫具有良好的控制效果。颗粒制剂比乳油制剂能更好、更持久地控制幼虫。后一种制剂在0.2磅/英亩或更高的剂量下引起了对鳊鱼、Lepomis macrochirusRafinesque的轻微杀死；大口黑鲈,Micropterus salmoidesLacépède;还有湖里的黑鲤鱼、Pornoxis nigromaculatus (Le Sueur)。在用 Dursban 颗粒制剂以相同速率处理的地块中没有观察到鱼类死亡。
Several commonly available and experimental insecticides were evaluated for control of chironomid midge larvae,Chironomusspp.,Proclaideusspp., andTanytarsusspp. in 2 recreational lakes.In Lake Calabasas, where the bottom has a thin layer of mud on a surface of cement, standard midge larvicides such as Abate® (O, O-dimethyl phosphorothioateO, O-diester with 4,4′-thiodiphenol) and fenthion proved highly effective. Fenthion at 0.5 Ib per surface acre controlled the larvae for more than 7 weeks. At this rate of application very slight mortality of the mosquito fishGambusia affinis(Baird & Girard) was observed. Abate at 0.75 pounds per acre controlled the midges for about 4–5 weeks and caused slight mortality of the fish. Dursban® (O, O-diethylO-(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl) phosphorothioate) at the rate of 0.2 Ib/acre yielded long-lasting control of midge larvae, the suppression lasting for almost 5 months.In Westlake (about 10 miles from Lake Calabasas), with a natural bottom, where small portions were treated, fenthion at 0.5 lb/acre yielded little or no control of the midge larvae. Abate at 0.5 pounds per acre produced similar results. Carbaryl at 0.5 and 1.0 pounds per acre yielded good control, but its longevity was for only 2-3 weeks.Dursban insecticide applied as granules or sprays at 0.2 pounds per acre yielded excellent control of midge larvae. The granular formulations produced better and longer-lasting larval control than an emulsifiable concentrate formulation. The latter formulation at 0.2 lb/acre or higher rate caused slight kill of blugill,Lepomis macrochirusRafinesque; largemouth bass,Micropterus salmoidesLacépède; and black crappie,Pornoxis nigromaculatus(Le Sueur) in the lake. No mortality of fish was observed in plots treated with a granular formulation of Dursban at the same rate.