Quantum communication and quantum computing
Quantum communication and quantum computing
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DOI：
10.1109/qels.1999.807126
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发表时间：
1999-05
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
P. Knight
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
P. Knight
仅给出摘要表格。量子力学为信息科学家提供了一种新的丰富资源，直到最近才被利用以允许以量子密码学形式进行安全通信，以及在量子信息处理和计算中实现巨大的并行性。我将描述每一个的发展和前景。量子密码学已经超越了研究实验室，成为一种可实现的技术，具有经过验证的加密密钥分配。量子计算虽然处于发展的早期阶段，已被认为是物理学的一项重大新发展，但它使我们（如果量子计算机可以实现）能够在合理的时间内解决以前被认为对于正常计算来说过于复杂的问题。涉及这种优势的量子算法的例子包括用于快速分解的 Shor 算法（本身对安全通信构成威胁）和用于数据库搜索的 Grover 算法。我将讨论量子力学如何实现这种加速，强调量子纠缠如何成为正在利用的关键资源，以及如何在现实的噪声环境中实现量子门、网络和处理器。简单的演示器已经建成，我将讨论未来实现大规模处理器的前景。
Summary form only given. Quantum mechanics offers the information scientist a new rich resource, which is only recently being tapped to allow for secure communication in the form of quantum cryptography, and for tremendous parallelism in quantum information processing and computing. I will describe developments and prospects for each. Quantum cryptography has already advanced beyond the research laboratory to become a realizable technology with proven secret key distribution for encryption. Quantum computing, although at an earlier stage of development has been recognized as a major new development in physics, enables us (if a quantum computer is realizable) to attack problems previously thought to be too complex for normal computation in a reasonable time. Examples of quantum algorithms involving this kind of advantage are Shor's for fast factorization (in itself a threat to secure communication) and Grover's for data base searching. I will discuss the ways quantum mechanics allow such a speed-up, stressing how quantum entanglement is the key resource being exploited, and how quantum gates, networks, and the processors may be implemented in a realistically noisy environment. Simple demonstrators have already been built, and I will discuss prospects for future realization of large-scale processors.