Sequential biases on subjective judgments: Evidence from face attractiveness and ringtone agreeableness judgment
Sequential biases on subjective judgments: Evidence from face attractiveness and ringtone agreeableness judgment
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主观判断的序列偏差：来自面孔吸引力和铃声宜人性判断的证据
DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0198723
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发表时间：
2018-06-11
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Chen, Yiheng
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Huang, Jianrui;He, Xianyou;Chen, Yiheng
当人们在心理物理实验中对顺序呈现的项目做出决定时，他们的决定总是受到他们之前的决定和之前的项目的影响，要么是同化（转向决定或项目），要么是对比（远离决定或项目）。这种顺序偏差也出现在自然主义和现实世界的判断中，比如面部吸引力判断。在本文中，我们旨在阐明这些顺序偏差的原因。我们首先在视觉面孔吸引力判断任务和听觉铃声亲和性判断任务中发现了显著的同化和对比效应，表明序列效应并不局限于视觉模态。然后我们发现，提供前一个刺激值的逐次反馈消除了对比效应，但只削弱了同化效应。当参与者口头报告他们的判断，而不是通过按下键盘按钮表示判断时，我们发现同化效应显著减弱，这表明运动反应重复加强了同化偏见。最后，我们发现，当视觉和听觉刺激交替时，不再存在与前一试验的对比效应，而是存在与前一试验（交叉模态）和双背试验（相同刺激模态）的同化效应。这些结果表明，对比效应来自知觉加工，同化效应来自先前判断的锚定，并通过反应重复和数字启动加强。
When people make decisions about sequentially presented items in psychophysical experiments, their decisions are always biased by their preceding decisions and the preceding items, either by assimilation (shift towards the decision or item) or contrast (shift away from the decision or item). Such sequential biases also occur in naturalistic and real-world judgments such as facial attractiveness judgments. In this article, we aimed to cast light on the causes of these sequential biases. We first found significant assimilative and contrastive effects in a visual face attractiveness judgment task and an auditory ringtone agreeableness judgment task, indicating that sequential effects are not limited to the visual modality. We then found that the provision of trial-by-trial feedback of the preceding stimulus value eliminated the contrastive effect, but only weakened the assimilative effect. When participants orally reported their judgments rather than indicated them via a keyboard button press, we found a significant diminished assimilative effect, suggesting that motor response repetition strengthened the assimilation bias. Finally, we found that when visual and auditory stimuli were alternated, there was no longer a contrastive effect from the immediately previous trial, but there was an assimilative effect both from the previous trial (cross-modal) and the 2-back trial (same stimulus modality). These findings suggested that the contrastive effect results from perceptual processing, while the assimilative effect results from anchoring of the previous judgment and is strengthened by response repetition and numerical priming.