Morphologische und biomechanische Eigenschaften des Hüftgelenks (Articulatio coxae) des Hundes (Canis familiaris)
Morphologische und biomechanische Eigenschaften des Hüftgelenks (Articulatio coxae) des Hundes (Canis familiaris)
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Hüftgelenks (Articulatio coxae) des Hundes (Canisamilias) 的形态和生物力学特征
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发表时间：
2003
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通讯作者：
Birgit Lieser
中科院分区：
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作者：
Birgit Lieser
犬髋关节的形态学和生物力学特性
首次对犬髋关节的形态学和生物力学参数进行了研究，以确定髋关节表面的长期载荷。对43只主要大型犬（平均年龄6岁）的86个髋关节进行了检查。
采用CT骨吸收测量法（CT-OAM），定性、定量测定软骨下骨密度。髋关节三维重建以假彩色编码显示了软骨下骨密度的确切地形分布。骨密度的分布呈规则的三中心分布，骨密度最大值位于关节面的头侧和尾侧，以及髋臼顶部和股骨头中心凹周围区域。通过计算机断层摄影方法确定股骨的前倾角。研究结果允许假设前倾角减小与密度最大值向股骨头关节面内侧部分转移之间存在因果关系。
采用分裂线法追踪关节软骨和软骨下骨中胶原纤维的主要方向。分割线模式证明髋臼存在张力和弯曲。此外，它还确定了关节表面上的压应力区域（月骨表面和股骨头的头侧和尾侧）。
生物力学参数，如接触面积以及分布和量的压力下的生理负荷条件下，代表三条腿的立场，在缓慢行走实验确定。这些数据是通过浇铸材料和压敏膜获得的。在低载荷和生理成角时，接触区主要位于月面和股骨头的头侧和尾侧边缘。在髋臼的颅顶处，在高达75%体重的载荷样本中，关节间隙明显。随着载荷的增加，接触面积向接头中心扩展。
在400%体重的负荷下，最大接触压力为8 ~ 10 MPa。载荷传递区比接触区具有更明显的双中心和三中心分布模式。随着荷载的增大，荷载传递区域向均匀区域扩展.
这项研究的结果建立了犬髋关节的不均匀载荷分布的证据。第一次，它表明，犬髋关节是不一致的，因为通常认为，但保持生理不协调。这保证了关节中的最佳负荷分布和关节软骨的更好营养。此外，它表明，骨关节病更经常存在于那些区域的不均匀负载关节表面，暴露于更大的机械应力先验。
Morphological and biomechanical characteristics of the canine hip joint (articulatio coxae)
Morphological and biomechanical parameters of the canine hip joint have been investigated for the first time in order to determine the long term loading of the hip joint surfaces. 86 hip joints of 43 predominantly large breed dogs (average age 6 years) were examined.
By means of CT-osteoabsorptiometry (CT-OAM) the subchondral bone density was determined qualitatively and quantitatively. The exact topographic distribution of the subchondral bone density was shown in three-dimensional reconstructions of the hip joints in false colour code. The distribution pattern was regularly tricentric with bone density maxima located in the cranial and caudal aspects of the joint surfaces as well as in the roof of the acetabulum and the perifoveal area of the caput ossis femoris. The anteversion of the Os femoris was determined by a computed tomographical method. The findings allowed the assumption of a causal relationship between a reduced anteversion angle and a shift of the density maxima to the medial part of the joint surface of the caput ossis femoris.
The main direction of the collagen fibres in the joint cartilage and the subchondral bone were traced by means of the split line method. The split line pattern established proof of an existing tension and bending in the acetabulum. Moreover it identified areas of compressive stress on the surface of the joint (cranial and caudal aspect of the lunate surface and the femoral head).
Biomechanical parameters such as contact areas as well as distribution and amount of pressure were determined experimentally under physiological load conditions representing the three leg stance during slow walking. These data were gained by casting material and pressure sensitive film. At low loads and physiological angulation contact areas were mainly found at the peripheral margin of the cranial and caudal part of the facies lunata and caput ossis femoris. At the cranial roof of the acetabulum a joint space was evident in the loaded specimens up to 75% body weight. Under increasing loads the contact areas expanded towards the joint centre.
The maximal contact pressure ranged from 8 to10 MPa under a load of 400% body weight. Areas of load transfer showed a more obvious bi- and tricentric distribution pattern than contact areas. With increasing loads areas of load transfer expanded to a uniform area.
The results of this study established proof of the inhomogeneous load distribution in the canine hip joint. For the first time it was shown that the canine hip joint is not congruous as commonly assumed but maintains a physiological incongruity. This guarantees for an optimal load distribution in the joint and for a better nutrition of the joint cartilage. Further, it was shown that osteoarthrosis more often exists in those areas of inhomogeneously loaded joint surfaces which are exposed to larger mechanical stress a priori.