Regulation of leaf senescence and crop genetic improvement.
Regulation of leaf senescence and crop genetic improvement.
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DOI：
10.1111/jipb.12005
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发表时间：
2012-12
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
Xiaoyuan Wu;B. Kuai;J. Jia;Hai-Chun Jing
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Xiaoyuan Wu;B. Kuai;J. Jia;Hai-Chun Jing
叶片衰老可以通过改变光合作用持续时间，或通过改变养分再动员效率和收获指数来影响作物产量。在过去的50年里，主要谷物的产量翻了一番，主要是通过延长光合作用时间和增加作物生物量分配来实现的，这两件事本质上是与叶片衰老相关联的。本文认为叶片的功能是叶片年龄的函数，并将叶片的生命分为三个阶段：生长早期的功能增加阶段、功能完全阶段和衰老和功能下降阶段。提出了一个遗传框架来描述基因在不同检查点调控叶片发育和衰老的作用。四类基因对作物生产有贡献：调节(I)早期叶片生长的速度和转变，（II）光合速率，（III）叶片衰老的开始和（IV）叶片衰老的进程的基因。本文从叶片老化和作物生产的角度讨论了近年来有关衰老调控基因的分离和鉴定的研究进展。我们认为，叶片衰老理想型作物的选育应成为进一步作物遗传改良的重要组成部分。
Leaf senescence can impact crop production by either changing photosynthesis duration, or by modifying the nutrient remobilization efficiency and harvest index. The doubling of the grain yield in major cereals in the last 50 years was primarily achieved through the extension of photosynthesis duration and the increase in crop biomass partitioning, two things that are intrinsically coupled with leaf senescence. In this review, we consider the functionality of a leaf as a function of leaf age, and divide a leaf's life into three phases: the functionality increasing phase at the early growth stage, the full functionality phase, and the senescence and functionality decreasing phase. A genetic framework is proposed to describe gene actions at various checkpoints to regulate leaf development and senescence. Four categories of genes contribute to crop production: those which regulate (I) the speed and transition of early leaf growth, (II) photosynthesis rate, (III) the onset and (IV) the progression of leaf senescence. Current advances in isolating and characterizing senescence regulatory genes are discussed in the leaf aging and crop production context. We argue that the breeding of crops with leaf senescence ideotypes should be an essential part of further crop genetic improvement.