Development of the Chick Microbiome: How Early Exposure Influences Future Microbial Diversity.
Development of the Chick Microbiome: How Early Exposure Influences Future Microbial Diversity.
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DOI：
10.3389/fvets.2016.00002
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Koci MD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ballou AL;Ali RA;Mendoza MA;Ellis JC;Hassan HM;Croom WJ;Koci MD
通过改善肠道健康来改善动物健康的概念在食用动物生产中已经存在了几十年;然而，直到最近，我们才有工具来识别肠道中与改善性能相关的微生物。目前，人们对鸟类微生物组如何发育或影响其组成的因素知之甚少。为了开始解决这一知识差距，本研究评估了从孵化到28日龄的雏鸡中盲肠微生物组的发展，有和没有活沙门氏菌疫苗和/或益生菌补充剂;两者都是旨在促进肠道健康的产品。生长期雏鸡的微生物组从第1-3天迅速发育，微生物组主要是肠杆菌科，但厚壁菌门在第7天左右开始丰度和分类多样性增加。随着微生物组的不断发展，治疗的影响力变得越来越强。预测的宏基因组含量表明，在功能上，处理可能在第14天刺激更多的差异，尽管在第28天存在强烈的分类学差异。这些结果表明，这些活的微生物处理确实影响生长中的雏鸡中发现的细菌类群的发育;然而，需要进行额外的实验来了解这些改变的生化和功能后果。
The concept of improving animal health through improved gut health has existed in food animal production for decades; however, only recently have we had the tools to identify microbes in the intestine associated with improved performance. Currently, little is known about how the avian microbiome develops or the factors that affect its composition. To begin to address this knowledge gap, the present study assessed the development of the cecal microbiome in chicks from hatch to 28 days of age with and without a live Salmonella vaccine and/or probiotic supplement; both are products intended to promote gut health. The microbiome of growing chicks develops rapidly from days 1–3, and the microbiome is primarily Enterobacteriaceae, but Firmicutes increase in abundance and taxonomic diversity starting around day 7. As the microbiome continues to develop, the influence of the treatments becomes stronger. Predicted metagenomic content suggests that, functionally, treatment may stimulate more differences at day 14, despite the strong taxonomic differences at day 28. These results demonstrate that these live microbial treatments do impact the development of the bacterial taxa found in the growing chicks; however, additional experiments are needed to understand the biochemical and functional consequences of these alterations.