Origins and divergence of the Roma (Gypsies)
Origins and divergence of the Roma (Gypsies)
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DOI：
10.1086/324681
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发表时间：
2001-12-01
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
Kalaydjieva, L
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gresham, D;Morar, B;Kalaydjieva, L
在罗姆人(吉普赛人)中发现越来越多的新的孟德尔疾病和私人突变，这表明他们有独特的遗传遗产。语言证据表明，他们有不同的印度血统。他们在欧洲的社会结构类似于印度的jatis，在印度，通常由职业定义的内婚制群体是主要单位。遗传学研究报告了不同吉普赛人群体中突变和中性多态频率的显著差异。然而，这些研究并没有解决关于吉普赛人的起源和关系的模棱两可的问题。在这项研究中，我们检查了14个明确定义的吉普赛人群体的遗传结构。对275例个体进行了不同突变率的Y染色体和线粒体DNA标记分析。亚洲Y染色体单倍组VI-68由M82位点突变定义，存在于所有14个群体中，占吉普赛人Y染色体的44.8%。在所有吉普赛人中也发现了亚洲人mtDNA-单倍群M，占样本中女性血统的26.5%。通过Y染色体8个短串联重复基因座的变异来衡量这两个单倍群的有限多样性，以及对mtDNA的HVS1进行测序，都与印度次大陆上从单一种族群体中分裂出来的一小群创始人一致。主成分分析和分子方差分析表明，现存的内婚制罗姆人群体的遗传结构是由遗传漂移和差异混合形成的，并与欧洲罗姆人的迁徙历史相关。相比之下，社会组织和职业群体的分化似乎是印度最近恢复种姓制度的产物。
The identification of a growing number of novel Mendelian disorders and private mutations in the Roma (Gypsies) points to their unique genetic heritage. Linguistic evidence suggests that they are of diverse Indian origins. Their social structure within Europe resembles that of the jatis of India, where the endogamous group, often defined by profession, is the primary unit. Genetic studies have reported dramatic differences in the frequencies of mutations and neutral polymorphisms in different Romani populations. However, these studies have not resolved ambiguities regarding the origins and relatedness of Romani populations. In this study, we examine the genetic structure of 14 well-defined Romani populations. Y-chromosome and mtDNA markers of different mutability were analyzed in a total of 275 individuals. Asian Y-chromosome haplogroup VI-68, defined by a mutation at the M82 locus, was present in all 14 populations and accounted for 44.8% of Romani Y chromosomes. Asian mtDNA-haplogroup M was also identified in all Romani populations and accounted for 26.5% of female lineages in the sample. Limited diversity within these two haplogroups, measured by the variation at eight short-tandem- repeat loci for the Y chromosome, and sequencing of the HVS1 for the mtDNA are consistent with a small group of founders splitting from a single ethnic population in the Indian subcontinent. Principal-components analysis and analysis of molecular variance indicate that genetic structure in extant endogamous Romani populations has been shaped by genetic drift and differential admixture and correlates with the migrational history of the Roma in Europe. By contrast, social organization and professional group divisions appear to be the product of a more recent restitution of the caste system of India.