The Use of Blockchain to Support Distributed AI Implementation in IoT Systems
The Use of Blockchain to Support Distributed AI Implementation in IoT Systems
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DOI：
10.1109/jiot.2021.3064176
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发表时间：
2022-08-15
影响因子：
10.6
通讯作者：
Rigelsford, Jonathan M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Alrubei, Subhi M.;Ball, Edward;Rigelsford, Jonathan M.
本文提出了一种利用物联网(IoT)提供的硬件平台实现分布式人工智能(DAI)的分布式和分散式体系结构。一个经过训练的DAI系统已经在物联网上实现，其中每个物联网设备充当DAI层中的一个或多个神经元。这是通过利用分散的、自我管理的区块链技术来实现的，这些技术允许在分布式神经元之间进行可信的交互和信息交换。该平台是为在物联网系统内使用而构建和定制的，它能够处理与DAI相关的任务。设计并实施了基于权威证明(POA)和工作证明(POW)的新协商一致机制，以及定制的区块和交易格式。建议的架构使用具有低成本物联网设备的专用试验台进行了分析、实施和测试。基于一个真实的物联网应用，对该系统进行了定量测量和性能评估。实现的DAI具有92%-98%的准确率，当使用树莓PI来运行一个神经元时，能量成本为0.12焦耳(J)。在使用覆盆子PI进行采矿时，测得的每焦耳哈希值(h/J)为13.8Kh/J，而使用ESP32的哈希值为54Kh/J。结果表明，在保证系统精度的前提下，利用物联网硬件平台实现DAI系统是可行的。区块链的整合为数据和系统组件之间的交互增加了安全和信任的元素。
This article presents a distributed and decentralized architecture for the implementation of distributed artificial intelligence (DAI) using hardware platforms provided by the Internet of Things (IoT). A trained DAI system has been implemented over IoT, where each IoT device acts as one or more of the neurons within the DAI layers. This is accomplished by the utilization of decentralized, self-managed blockchain technologies that allow trusted interactions and information to be exchanged between distributed neurons. The platform was built and customized to be used within the IoT system, and it is capable of handling DAI-related tasks. A new consensus mechanism based on Proof of Authority (PoA) and Proof of Work (PoW) has been designed and implemented, along with bespoke block and transaction formats. The proposed architecture was analyzed, implemented, and tested using a dedicated testbed with low-cost IoT devices. A quantitative measurement and performance evaluation of the system based on a real-world IoT application was conducted. The implemented DAI is found to have an accuracy of 92%-98%, with an energy cost of 0.12 joules (J) when utilizing a Raspberry Pi to run one neuron. The measured hash per joule (h/J) when using a Raspberry Pi for mining is 13.8 Kh/J compared to 54 Kh/J using an ESP32. The results showed that it is feasible to implement a DAI system utilizing the IoT hardware platform while maintaining the system's accuracy. The integration of the blockchain has added an element of security and trust to the data and the interaction between system components.