Climate change and evolution: disentangling environmental and genetic responses
Climate change and evolution: disentangling environmental and genetic responses
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-294x.2007.03413.x
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发表时间：
2008-01-01
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Merila, J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gienapp, P.;Teplitsky, C.;Merila, J.
快速的气候变化可能会对适应性重要的性状施加强大的选择压力，因此，响应气候介导的选择的微进化可能是减轻气候变化负面影响的重要机制。我们回顾了纵向研究中最近微进化对气候变化反应的经验证据，强调了从已发表的数据中出现的以下三个观点。首先，尽管气候变化的特征在许多生态过程中清晰可见，但文献中类似的微进化反应的例子实际上非常罕见。其次，微进化对气候变化的反应的证据质量远不能令人满意，因为记录的反应通常-如果不是典型的-基于非遗传数据。我们强调了这样一种观点，即明确区分遗传（进化）和表型（包括非遗传的可塑性成分）反应与理解可塑性和遗传学在适应气候变化中的相对作用一样重要。第三，为了说明在检测微进化响应自然选择的困难和潜在的普遍性，我们回顾了在脊椎动物的长期研究的背景下，对自然选择的微进化响应的定量遗传学研究。现有的证据表明，总体结论是，许多被视为适应不断变化的环境条件的反应可能是环境诱导的塑性反应，而不是微进化适应。因此，明确的证据表明，进化适应持续的气候变暖的重要作用是显着的稀缺。
Rapid climate change is likely to impose strong selection pressures on traits important for fitness, and therefore, microevolution in response to climate-mediated selection is potentially an important mechanism mitigating negative consequences of climate change. We reviewed the empirical evidence for recent microevolutionary responses to climate change in longitudinal studies emphasizing the following three perspectives emerging from the published data. First, although signatures of climate change are clearly visible in many ecological processes, similar examples of microevolutionary responses in literature are in fact very rare. Second, the quality of evidence for microevolutionary responses to climate change is far from satisfactory as the documented responses are often - if not typically - based on nongenetic data. We reinforce the view that it is as important to make the distinction between genetic (evolutionary) and phenotypic (includes a nongenetic, plastic component) responses clear, as it is to understand the relative roles of plasticity and genetics in adaptation to climate change. Third, in order to illustrate the difficulties and their potential ubiquity in detection of microevolution in response to natural selection, we reviewed the quantitative genetic studies on microevolutionary responses to natural selection in the context of long-term studies of vertebrates. The available evidence points to the overall conclusion that many responses perceived as adaptations to changing environmental conditions could be environmentally induced plastic responses rather than microevolutionary adaptations. Hence, clear-cut evidence indicating a significant role for evolutionary adaptation to ongoing climate warming is conspicuously scarce.