Dynein activators and adaptors at a glance
Dynein activators and adaptors at a glance
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DOI：
10.1242/jcs.227132
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发表时间：
2019-03-01
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Holzbaur, Erika L. F.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Olenick, Mara A.;Holzbaur, Erika L. F.
细胞质动力蛋白-1（以下简称动力蛋白）是一种重要的细胞马达，可驱动多种货物沿着微管细胞骨架运动，包括细胞器、囊泡和 RNA。一个长期存在的问题是单一形式的动力蛋白如何适应间期和有丝分裂中的广泛细胞功能。最近的进展提供了新的见解——动力蛋白与一组激活适配器相互作用，这些适配器提供运动复合体的货物特异性和/或功能特异性调节。 BICD2 和 Hook1 等激活接头增强了动力蛋白与其所需的激活剂动力蛋白形成的复合物的稳定性，从而导致向微管负端的高度持续运动。此外，激活适配器介导运动复合体与货物的特异性相互作用，例如 BICD2 的 Rab6 阳性囊泡或核糖核蛋白颗粒，以及 Hook1 的信号内体。在这篇《细胞科学概览》文章和随附的海报中，我们重点介绍了动力蛋白激活剂中发现的保守结构特征、这些激活剂对生物物理参数（例如电机速度和失速力）的影响，以及它们介导的特定细胞内功能。
Cytoplasmic dynein-1 (hereafter dynein) is an essential cellular motor that drives the movement of diverse cargos along the microtubule cytoskeleton, including organelles, vesicles and RNAs. A long-standing question is how a single form of dynein can be adapted to a wide range of cellular functions in both interphase and mitosis. Recent progress has provided new insights - dynein interacts with a group of activating adaptors that provide cargo-specific and/or function-specific regulation of the motor complex. Activating adaptors such as BICD2 and Hook1 enhance the stability of the complex that dynein forms with its required activator dynactin, leading to highly processive motility toward the microtubule minus end. Furthermore, activating adaptors mediate specific interactions of the motor complex with cargos such as Rab6-positive vesicles or ribonucleoprotein particles for BICD2, and signaling endosomes for Hook1. In this Cell Science at a Glance article and accompanying poster, we highlight the conserved structural features found in dynein activators, the effects of these activators on biophysical parameters, such as motor velocity and stall force, and the specific intracellular functions they mediate.