The role of sustainable agriculture and renewable-resource management in reducing greenhouse-gas emissions and increasing sinks in China and India
The role of sustainable agriculture and renewable-resource management in reducing greenhouse-gas emissions and increasing sinks in China and India
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DOI：
10.1098/rsta.2002.1029
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发表时间：
2002-08-15
期刊：
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Ravindranath, NH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Pretty, JN;Ball, AS;Ravindranath, NH
本文件分析了农业中减少温室气体排放和增加汇的技术备选办法，这些技术备选办法产生于三种不同的机制：（一）增加土壤有机物和地上生物量的碳汇;（二）通过减少直接和间接能源使用避免农场的碳排放;（三）减少温室气体排放;（四）减少温室气体排放。及（iii）增加可再生能源-利用生物质生产能源，替代化石燃料的消费，或取代薪材或作物残渣的低效燃烧，从而避免碳排放，然后，我们回顾了中国和印度最佳实践的可持续农业和可再生资源管理项目和倡议，并分析了这些项目创造的年度净汇，以及固碳的潜在市场价值。最后，我们总结了在农业部门采用最佳可持续实践所需的政策和制度条件以及改革，以实现预期的减排和增加汇。对中国和印度在三种机制下的40个可持续农业和可再生资源管理项目的审查估计，碳减排潜力从5.5 Mha增加到64.8 MtC yr（-1）。碳减排的潜在收入为3.24亿美元，每吨碳5美元。有可能将其提高几个数量级，从而大大有助于减少温室气体。大多数农业减缓办法还提供若干附带好处。然而，还有许多技术、财政、政策、法律的和体制障碍需要克服。
This paper contains an analysis of the technical options in agriculture for reducing greenhouse-gas emissions and increasing sinks, arising from three distinct mechanisms:(i) increasing carbon sinks in soil organic matter and above-ground biomass;(ii) avoiding carbon emissions from farms by reducing direct and indirect energy use; and(iii) increasing renewable-energy production from biomass that either substitutes for consumption of fossil fuels or replaces inefficient burning of fuelwood or crop residues, and so avoids carbon emissions, together with use of biogas digesters and improved cookstoves.We then review best-practice sustainable agriculture and renewable-resource-management projects and initiatives in China and India, and analyse the annual net sinks being created by these projects, and the potential market value of the carbon sequestered. We conclude with a summary of the policy and institutional conditions and reforms required for adoption of best sustainability practice in the agricultural sector to achieve the desired reductions in emissions and increases in sinks.A review of 40 sustainable agriculture and renewable-resource-management projects in China and India under the three mechanisms estimated a carbon mitigation potential of 64.8 MtC yr(-1) from 5.5 Mha. The potential income for carbon mitigation is $324 million at $5 per tonne of carbon. The potential exists to increase this by orders of magnitude, and so contribute significantly to greenhouse-gas abatement. Most agricultural mitigation options also provide several ancillary benefits. However, there are many technical, financial, policy, legal and institutional barriers to overcome.