Emotional consequences of nuclear power plant disasters.
Emotional consequences of nuclear power plant disasters.
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DOI：
10.1097/hp.0000000000000012
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发表时间：
2014-02
期刊：
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Bromet EJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bromet EJ
核电站灾难的情绪后果包括抑郁、焦虑、创伤后应激障碍和医学上无法解释的躯体症状。这些影响通常是长期的，并且与患癌症的恐惧有关。对涉及辐射的灾难的研究，特别是切尔诺贝利的证据表明，幼儿的母亲和清理工人是风险最高的群体。情绪后果的发生与实际受到的暴露无关。相比之下，对在三哩岛（TMI）和切尔诺贝利事故阴影下长大的儿童的研究表明，尽管他们的自评健康状况不如同龄人令人满意，但他们的情感、学业和社会心理发展是相当的。心理影响的重要性因其长期性而得到强调，而且多项研究表明，心理健康状况不佳与身体健康状况、过早死亡、残疾和过度利用医疗服务有关。鉴于 TMI 和切尔诺贝利事件后心理健康问题的增加，受福岛核泄漏影响的居民和疏散人员很可能会出现同样的情况。福岛的初步数据确实表明，工人和幼儿的母亲面临抑郁、焦虑、心身和创伤后症状的风险，这既是他们对辐射暴露的恐惧的直接结果，也是社会耻辱的间接结果。因此，非精神卫生服务提供者必须学会识别和管理心理症状，并且设计医疗计划，通过在诊所内整合精神病学和医学治疗来减少耻辱并减轻心理痛苦，这一点非常重要。
The emotional consequences of nuclear power plant disasters include depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, and medically unexplained somatic symptoms. These effects are often long term and associated with fears about developing cancer. Research on disasters involving radiation, particularly evidence from Chernobyl, indicates that mothers of young children and cleanup workers are the highest risk groups. The emotional consequences occur independently of the actual exposure received. In contrast, studies of children raised in the shadows of the Three Mile Island (TMI) and Chernobyl accidents suggest that although their self-rated health is less satisfactory than that of their peers, their emotional, academic, and psychosocial development is comparable. The importance of the psychological impact is underscored by its chronicity and by several studies showing that poor mental health is associated with physical health conditions, early mortality, disability, and over-utilization of medical services. Given the established increase in mental health problems following TMI and Chernobyl, it is likely that the same pattern will occur in residents and evacuees affected by the Fukushima meltdowns. Preliminary data from Fukushima indeed suggest that workers and mothers of young children are at risk of depression, anxiety, psychosomatic, and post-traumatic symptoms both as a direct result of their fears about radiation exposure and an indirect result of societal stigma. Thus, it is important that nonmental health providers learn to recognize and manage psychological symptoms and that medical programs be designed to reduce stigma and alleviate psychological suffering by integrating psychiatric and medical treatment within the walls of their clinics.