Regurgitation and remastication in the foregut-fermenting proboscis monkey (Nasalis larvatus)
Regurgitation and remastication in the foregut-fermenting proboscis monkey (Nasalis larvatus)
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前肠发酵长鼻猴（Nasalis larvatus）的反流和再咀嚼
DOI：
10.1098/rsbl.2011.0197
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发表时间：
2011-10-23
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Higashi, Seigo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Matsuda, Ikki;Murai, Tadahiro;Higashi, Seigo
虽然在文献中，前肠发酵通常等同于反胃，但功能性反刍动物(反刍动物、骆驼)与非反胃前肠发酵动物(例如大足类、河马、马蹄)有根本的不同。它们将前肠发酵与分选机制相结合，使它们能够重新咀嚼大颗粒，并快速清除前肠中消化的颗粒；因此，它们不仅实现了高度的颗粒尺寸减小，而且还实现了相对较高的食物摄入量。胃内容物的反流和再咀嚼在几种非反胃、非灵长类食草动物中被零星地描述过。然而，这种所谓的“Merycism”显然并不像反刍动物那样持续存在。在这里，据我们所知，我们第一次报告了23个自由活动的灵长类物种的反胃和反咀嚼，这是一种发酵前肠的鼻猴(Nasalislarvatus)。在一只连续观察了169天的雄鸟中，观察到了11天的行为，主要发生在早上，与没有观察到的日子相比，每天进食时间的比例明显更高。这一观察结果与强化咀嚼在不影响消化效率的情况下允许更高的食物摄入量的概念是一致的，并代表了已知的灵长类生理谱系的扩展，与通常仅与反刍动物相关的策略相一致。
Although foregut fermentation is often equated with rumination in the literature, functional ruminants (ruminants, camelids) differ fundamentally from non-ruminant foregut fermenters (e.g. macropods, hippos, peccaries). They combine foregut fermentation with a sorting mechanism that allows them to remasticate large particles and clear their foregut quickly of digested particles; thus, they do not only achieve high degrees of particle size reduction but also comparatively high food intakes. Regurgitation and remastication of stomach contents have been described sporadically in several non-ruminant, non-primate herbivores. However, this so-called ‘merycism’ apparently does not occur as consistently as in ruminants. Here, to our knowledge we report, for the first time, regurgitation and remastication in 23 free-ranging individuals of a primate species, the foregut-fermenting proboscis monkey (Nasalis larvatus). In one male that was observed continuously during 169 days, the behaviour was observed on 11 different days occurring mostly in the morning, and was associated with significantly higher proportions of daily feeding time than on days when it was not observed. This observation is consistent with the concept that intensified mastication allows higher food intake without compromising digestive efficiency, and represents an expansion of the known physiological primate repertoire that converges with a strategy usually associated with ruminants only.