Evolution of sexual reproduction: a view from the Fungal Kingdom supports an evolutionary epoch with sex before sexes.
Evolution of sexual reproduction: a view from the Fungal Kingdom supports an evolutionary epoch with sex before sexes.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.fbr.2015.08.002
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发表时间：
2015-12-01
影响因子：
6
通讯作者：
Heitman J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Heitman J
有性生殖在真核生物的生命树中的每一个超类群中都是保守的，因此被认为已经进化了一次，并且已经存在于最后一个真核生物共同祖先（LECA）中。考虑到性的古老性，有性生殖的一些特征是古老的和祖先的，因此在各种现存的生物体中是共享的。另一方面，任何现存物种与LECA之间的巨大进化距离必然意味着其他性别特征将被衍生出来。虽然我们所熟悉的大多数性别类型都涉及两个异性或交配类型，但最近对真菌王国的研究揭示了新颖而不寻常的有性生殖模式，包括单性生殖。在这种繁殖模式中，一个单一的交配型可以独自进行自花受精/同宗配合的繁殖，或者与自己，或者与同一交配型种群的其他成员。单性生殖作为一种衍生特征在几个不同的谱系中独立出现。在动物、植物、原生生物和真菌中存在着大量不同类型的性别决定和性别决定因子，这表明性别特化本身可能不是祖先的，而是一种衍生性状。如果是这样的话，那么有性生殖的最初形式可能是单性的，而性别是后来附加在单性上的。在这个模型中，单性生殖既是一种祖先的性状，也是一种衍生的性状。在这篇评论中，我们认为什么是新的，什么是旧的有性生殖从真菌王国的独特Vantage。
Sexual reproduction is conserved throughout each supergroup within the eukaryotic tree of life, and therefore thought to have evolved once and to have been present in the last eukaryotic common ancestor (LECA). Given the antiquity of sex, there are features of sexual reproduction that are ancient and ancestral, and thus shared in diverse extant organisms. On the other hand, the vast evolutionary distance that separates any given extant species from the LECA necessarily implies that other features of sex will be derived. While most types of sex we are familiar with involve two opposite sexes or mating types, recent studies in the fungal kingdom have revealed novel and unusual patterns of sexual reproduction, including unisexual reproduction. In this mode of reproduction a single mating type can on its own undergo self-fertile/homothallic reproduction, either with itself or with other members of the population of the same mating type. Unisexual reproduction has arisen independently as a derived feature in several different lineages. That a myriad of different types of sex determination and sex determinants abound in animals, plants, protists, and fungi suggests that sex specification itself may not be ancestral and instead may be a derived trait. If so, then the original form of sexual reproduction may have been unisexual, onto which sexes were superimposed as a later feature. In this model, unisexual reproduction is both an ancestral and a derived trait. In this review, we consider what is new and what is old about sexual reproduction from the unique vantage point of the fungal kingdom.