Simultaneous discrimination reversal learning in pigeons and humans: anticipatory and perseverative errors
Simultaneous discrimination reversal learning in pigeons and humans: anticipatory and perseverative errors
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DOI：
10.3758/s13420-010-0011-5
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发表时间：
2011-06-01
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
Zentall, Thomas R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rayburn-Reeves, Rebecca M.;Molet, Mikael;Zentall, Thomas R.
猪接受了双选择同时辨别（红色与绿色）的训练，每次训练中途都会逆转。经过大量的训练，他们在逆转之前一直犯预期错误，在逆转之后也一直犯持续错误，这表明进入会话的时间（或试验次数）是逆转的线索。在实验2中，为了阻止使用时间作为线索，我们改变了会话中反转点的位置，使其在试验10、25、40、55或70后半随机发生。小猪仍然倾向于预期和坚持。在实验3中，我们需要20啄刺激在每次审判，以促进记忆的前一个反应和敏感性的局部强化突发事件，但结果是相似的实验2。然后，我们测试了人类在一个类似的任务与恒定（实验4）或变量（实验5）逆转的位置。当逆转持续发生在会话的中点时，人类和鸽子一样，表现出预测逆转的倾向;然而，他们没有表现出持续性错误。当反转位置在不同阶段发生变化时，与鸽子不同，人类采取了赢-留/输-移的策略，在第一次反转试验中只犯了一个错误。
Pigeons were trained on a two-choice simultaneous discrimination (red vs. green) that reversed midway through each session. After considerable training, they consistently made both anticipatory errors prior to the reversal and perseverative errors after the reversal, suggesting that time (or number of trials) into the session served as a cue for reversal. In Experiment 2, to discourage the use of time as a cue, we varied the location of the reversal point within the session such that it occurred semirandomly after Trial 10, 25, 40, 55, or 70. Pigeons still tended both to anticipate and to perseverate. In Experiment 3, we required 20 pecks to a stimulus on each trial to facilitate memory for the preceding response and sensitivity to local reinforcement contingencies, but the results were similar to those of Experiment 2. We then tested humans on a similar task with a constant (Experiment 4) or variable (Experiment 5) reversal location. When the reversal occurred consistently at the midpoint of the session, humans, like pigeons, showed a tendency to anticipate the reversal; however, they did not show perseverative errors. When the reversal location varied between sessions, unlike pigeons, humans adopted a win-stay/lose-shift strategy, making only a single error on the first trial of the reversal.