Effects of fast-food consumption on energy intake and diet quality among children in a national household survey
Effects of fast-food consumption on energy intake and diet quality among children in a national household survey
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DOI：
10.1542/peds.113.1.112
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发表时间：
2004-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
8
通讯作者：
Ludwig, DS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bowman, SA;Gortmaker, SL;Ludwig, DS
背景。快餐已成为美国儿童饮食的一个显着特征，并且越来越多地成为全世界儿童饮食的一个显着特征。然而，很少有研究探讨快餐消费对营养或健康相关结果的影响。本研究的目的是检验快餐消费会对与肥胖风险相关的饮食因素产生不利影响的假设。方法。这项研究包括 6212 名 4 至 19 岁的美国儿童和青少年，他们参加了 1994 年至 1996 年进行的全国代表性个人食物摄入量持续调查和 1998 年进行的补充儿童调查。我们通过涉及整个队列的受试者间比较和涉及 2080 名在一个但是 不是两个调查日。结果。在典型的一天中，总样本中有 30.3% 的人表示食用快餐。快餐消费在全国所有地区、所有种族/族裔群体中都非常普遍。控制社会经济和人口变量后，快餐消费的增加与男性、年龄较大、家庭收入较高、非西班牙裔黑人种族/民族以及居住在南方独立相关。与不吃快餐的儿童相比，吃快餐的儿童消耗更多的总能量（187 kcal；95% CI：109-265）、每克食物更多的能量（0.29 kcal/g；95% CI：0.25-0.33）、更多的总脂肪（9 g；95% CI：5.0-13.0）、更多的总碳水化合物（24 g；95%） CI： 12.6-35.4）、添加糖较多（26 克；95% CI：18.2-34.6）、含糖饮料较多（228 克；95% CI：184 272）、纤维较少（-1.1 克；95% CI：-1.8 至 -0.4）、牛奶较少（-65 克；95% CI：-95 至-30)，以及较少的水果和非淀粉类食物 蔬菜（-45 克；95% CI：-58.6 至 -31.4）。通过使用受试者内部分析观察到非常相似的结果，其中受试者作为自己的对照：也就是说，与不吃快餐的日子相比，儿童在吃快餐的日子里摄入了更多的总能量，并且饮食质量较差。结论。美国儿童食用快餐似乎对饮食质量产生不利影响，可能会增加肥胖风险。
Background. Fast food has become a prominent feature of the diet of children in the United States and, increasingly, throughout the world. However, few studies have examined the effects of fast-food consumption on any nutrition or health-related outcome. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that fast-food consumption adversely affects dietary factors linked to obesity risk.Methods. This study included 6212 children and adolescents 4 to 19 years old in the United States participating in the nationally representative Continuing Survey of Food Intake by Individuals conducted from 1994 to 1996 and the Supplemental Children's Survey conducted in 1998. We examined the associations between fast-food consumption and measures of dietary quality using between-subject comparisons involving the whole cohort and within-subject comparisons involving 2080 individuals who ate fast food on one but not both survey days.Results. On a typical day, 30.3% of the total sample reported consuming fast food. Fast-food consumption was highly prevalent in both genders, all racial/ethnic groups, and all regions of the country. Controlling for socioeconomic and demographic variables, increased fast-food consumption was independently associated with male gender, older age, higher household incomes, non-Hispanic black race/ethnicity, and residing in the South. Children who ate fast food, compared with those who did not, consumed more total energy (187 kcal; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 109-265), more energy per gram of food (0.29 kcal/g; 95% CI: 0.25-0.33), more total fat (9 g; 95% CI: 5.0-13.0), more total carbohydrate (24 g; 95% CI: 12.6-35.4), more added sugars (26 g; 95% CI: 18.2-34.6), more sugar-sweetened beverages (228 g; 95% CI: 184 272), less fiber (-1.1 g; 95% CI: -1.8 to -0.4), less milk (-65 g; 95% CI: -95 to -30), and fewer fruits and non-starchy vegetables (-45 g; 95% CI: -58.6 to -31.4). Very similar results were observed by using within-subject analyses in which subjects served as their own controls: that is, children ate more total energy and had poorer diet quality on days with, compared with without, fast food.Conclusion. Consumption of fast food among children in the United States seems to have an adverse effect on dietary quality in ways that plausibly could increase risk for obesity.