Gel-Diffusion techniques
Gel-Diffusion techniques
复制标题
凝胶扩散技术
DOI：
10.1007/978-3-642-87042-2_3
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发表时间：
1970
期刊：
影响因子：
20.3
通讯作者：
Ö. Ouchterlony
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ö. Ouchterlony
今天我演讲的题目是免疫学分析的凝胶扩散技术。为了使我的调查对有医学背景的观众更有启发性，我非常想把这些方法不仅集中在免疫学问题上，而且集中在医学、病理学、生理学或生物化学问题上。然而，除了少数例外，我将不这样做，而仅限于介绍有关定性和定量分析的一些方法和基本问题。我认为，对有关专题采取这种做法更符合本次讨论会组织者的意图。免疫学凝胶扩散技术已有六十多年的历史。大约五年后，鲁道夫·克劳斯在维也纳描述了免疫沉淀反应，1905年，德国的贝赫霍尔德报道了在凝胶介质中建立免疫沉淀的实验。这些沉淀是通过使抗原溶液山羊血清扩散到含有抗山羊血清的凝胶中而获得的。在这些条件下形成的多个降水带被认为是所谓的Liesegang效应，这是当时BEcHHoLD正在研究的物理现象。直到40年代中期，很少有研究者利用这种凝胶扩散原理进行免疫分析。1946-1948年，法国的OUDIN、瑞典的OUCHTERLONY和英国的ELEK等发表了一些关于所谓免疫扩散（ID）的标准化技术的报告。从那时起，许多新的技术和修改已被报道，我们已经能够筛选有关方法的文献包括约300篇出版物。最有用的技术发展之一是
The topic of my lecture here today is gel-diffusion techniques for immunological analysis. In order to make my survey more stimulating for an audience with a medical background I was very tempted to concentrate on the application of these methods to problems not only in immunology but also in e.g. medicine, pathology, physiology or biochemistry. However, I will abstain from doing so with a few exceptions and confine myself to a presentation of some methods and basic questions concerning qualitative and quantitative analyses. I assume that such an approach to the topic in question is more in accordance with the intentions of the organizers of this colloquium. The immunological gel-diffusion techniques have a history of about sixty years. Some five years after RUDOLF KRAUS in Vienna described the reaction of immunoprecipitation BECHHOLD in Germany in 1905 reported on experiments concerning immunoprecipitates established in a gel medium. These precipitates were obtained by letting an antigenic solution goat serum diffuse into a gel containing an anti-goat serum. The formation of multiple precipitation bands under these conditions was considered as so called Liesegang effects a phenomenon in physics, which BEcHHoLD at that time was investigating. Until the middle of the forties few investigators utilized this diffusion-in-gel principle for immunological analysis. In 1946-1948 some reports on standardized techniques of so-called immunodiffusion (ID) were published by e.g. OUDIN in France, OUCHTERLONY in Sweden and ELEK in England. Since then many new techniques and modifications have been reported and the literature that we have been able to screen concerning methods comprises about three hundred publications. One of the most useful technical developments is the method of