Sustainable and scalable fabrication of high-performance hard carbon anode for Na-ion battery
Sustainable and scalable fabrication of high-performance hard carbon anode for Na-ion battery
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jpowsour.2022.232534
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发表时间：
2022-12-20
影响因子：
9.2
通讯作者：
Titirici, Maria-Magdalena
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chen, Yang;Li, Feng;Titirici, Maria-Magdalena
低成本、可持续的绿色制造硬碳材料是促进其在钠离子电池中工业应用的关键。目前制备HC的大多数合成方法都需要借助化学试剂来提高其钠离子储存性能。在此，我们首先开发了一种完全绿色的生物发酵技术，利用廉价且可再生的各种生物质淀粉碳源大规模制备HC。生物发酵预处理可以有效地对碳前驱体进行改性，使其易于热解制备淀粉基HCs，并使其内部结构具有更大的层间距、更无序的结构和丰富的封闭微孔。最后，玉米淀粉基硬碳的情况下，表现出335 mA h g-1的高可逆容量在30 mA h g-1的电流密度和高倍率性能，可逆容量为140.6 mA h g-1，即使在5 A g-1的高电流以及长循环稳定性。充放电过程中的原位拉曼光谱、非原位小角X射线散射和非原位光电子能谱测试揭示了准金属Na在硬质炭阳极中的孔隙填充机制。这种“面包制造”策略是制造具有改进的性能的各种淀粉基硬碳的简单且可扩展的路线，展示了非常有实际前景的工业制造应用。
Sustainable and green manufacturing of hard carbon (HC) material in a low-cost way is the key issue in promoting its industrial applications in Na-ion batteries (SIB). Nowadays, most synthesis ways to prepare HC need the help of chemical reagents to improve its Na-ion storage performance. Herein, we firstly developed a completely green biological fermentation technology to prepare HCs on a large scale using cheap and renewable carbon sources of various biomass starch. Pre-treatment by bio-fermentation can effectively modify the carbon precursor for facile pyrolysis to fabricate starch-based HCs, and make its internal microstructure with larger interlayer spacing, more disordered structure and abundant closed micropores. Finally, a case of cornstarch based hard carbon exhibits a high reversible capacity of 335 mA h g-1 at a current density of 30 mA h g-1 and high rate performance with a reversible capacity of 140.6 mA h g-1 even at a high current of 5 A g-1 as well as long cycling stability. In-situ Raman spectra, ex-situ SAXS and ex-situ XPS tests during discharge and charge process reveal the pore filling mechanism of quasi-metallic Na in hard carbon anode. Such a "bread-making" strategy is a facile and scalable route to fabricate various starch-based hard carbons with improved performance, demonstrating a very practically promising application for industrial manufacture.