Room-temperature superconductivity in a carbonaceous sulfur hydride (Retracted Article)
Room-temperature superconductivity in a carbonaceous sulfur hydride (Retracted Article)
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DOI：
10.1038/s41586-020-2801-z
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发表时间：
2020-10-15
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
Dias, Ranga P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Snider, Elliot;Dasenbrock-Gammon, Nathan;Dias, Ranga P.
实验物理学中长期存在的挑战之一是观察室温超导性（1，2）。最近，在高压下的几个系统中，已经报道了富氢材料的高温常规超导性（3-5）。导致室温超导性的一个重要发现是压力驱动的硫化氢（H2S）转化为H3 S，在155吉帕斯卡（3，6）下确认的转变温度为203开尔文。H2S和CH（4）在较低的压力下容易与氢混合形成客体-主体结构（7），并且在4吉帕斯卡下具有相当的尺寸。通过在低压下将甲烷引入到H2S + H（2）的H3 S前体混合物中，在大量富含H（2）夹杂物的货车范德华固体集合中允许分子交换;这些宾主结构在极端条件下成为超导化合物的构建块。在这里，我们报告了光化学转化的碳质硫氢化物系统中的超导性，从元素前体开始，在267 +/- 10吉帕斯卡下实现的最大超导转变温度为287.7 +/- 1.2开尔文（约15摄氏度）。在金刚石压砧室中，在140至275吉帕斯卡的宽压力范围内观察到超导态，在220吉帕斯卡以上的转变温度急剧上升。超导性是通过观察零电阻，高达190吉帕斯卡的磁化率，以及在高达9特斯拉的外部磁场下转变温度的降低而建立的，根据零温度下的金斯堡-朗道模型，上临界磁场约为62特斯拉。氢的光量子性质限制了通过X射线散射技术对系统的结构和化学计量确定，但是拉曼光谱用于探测金属化之前的化学和结构转变。在我们的三元体系中引入化学调谐可以使在较低的pressures.Room-temperature超导性的保存在15摄氏度和267 GPa的光化学合成的三元碳质硫氢化物系统中观察到。
One of the long-standing challenges in experimental physics is the observation of room-temperature superconductivity(1,2). Recently, high-temperature conventional superconductivity in hydrogen-rich materials has been reported in several systems under high pressure(3-5). An important discovery leading to room-temperature superconductivity is the pressure-driven disproportionation of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) to H3S, with a confirmed transition temperature of 203 kelvin at 155 gigapascals(3,6). Both H2S and CH(4)readily mix with hydrogen to form guest-host structures at lower pressures(7), and are of comparable size at 4 gigapascals. By introducing methane at low pressures into the H2S + H(2)precursor mixture for H3S, molecular exchange is allowed within a large assemblage of van der Waals solids that are hydrogen-rich with H(2)inclusions; these guest-host structures become the building blocks of superconducting compounds at extreme conditions. Here we report superconductivity in a photochemically transformed carbonaceous sulfur hydride system, starting from elemental precursors, with a maximum superconducting transition temperature of 287.7 +/- 1.2 kelvin (about 15 degrees Celsius) achieved at 267 +/- 10 gigapascals. The superconducting state is observed over a broad pressure range in the diamond anvil cell, from 140 to 275 gigapascals, with a sharp upturn in transition temperature above 220 gigapascals. Superconductivity is established by the observation of zero resistance, a magnetic susceptibility of up to 190 gigapascals, and reduction of the transition temperature under an external magnetic field of up to 9 tesla, with an upper critical magnetic field of about 62 tesla according to the Ginzburg-Landau model at zero temperature. The light, quantum nature of hydrogen limits the structural and stoichiometric determination of the system by X-ray scattering techniques, but Raman spectroscopy is used to probe the chemical and structural transformations before metallization. The introduction of chemical tuning within our ternary system could enable the preservation of the properties of room-temperature superconductivity at lower pressures.Room-temperature superconductivity is observed in a photochemically synthesized ternary carbonaceous sulfur hydride system at 15 degrees C and 267 GPa.