Role of climate in the rise and fall of Neolithic cultures on the Yangtze Delta
Role of climate in the rise and fall of Neolithic cultures on the Yangtze Delta
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1502-3885.2000.tb01208.x
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发表时间：
2000-06
期刊：
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Shi-Yong Yu;Cheng Zhu;Jian Song;Weizheng Qu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Shi-Yong Yu;Cheng Zhu;Jian Song;Weizheng Qu
长江三角洲地区的气候变化在文明的产生、持续和崩溃中发挥了重要作用。该地区多年来的考古发掘表明，在一些新石器时代文化遗址中，有几层细沙或有机泥打断了连续的文化层。上海马桥文化遗址的连续生物地层学和沉积学记录表明，细砂和有机泥单元是由于海平面波动和全新世气候寒冷和潮湿时期洪水增加导致水体扩张的结果。从7240 BP到5320 BP，该地区没有人类定居，主要是由于温暖潮湿的气候导致海平面上升。新石器时代的文化是在较低和较稳定的海平面以及较温暖和干燥的气候条件下发展起来的，大约在4410 BP和3250 BP之间。洪水引起的湖泊扩张在大约4200 BP中断了该地区的文明。后来，在3250 BP和AD 618之间，在寒冷潮湿的气候下，更高的水位和湖泊的扩张暂时终止了三角洲的定居。后来，在唐朝，大约从公元618年开始，该地区再次成为适合人类居住的条件下，更有利的气候和较低的地下水位。
Climatic changes in the Yangtze Delta have played an important role in the emergence, persistence and collapse of civilization. Archaeological excavations in the region over many years have demonstrated that there are several layers of fine sand or organic mud that interrupt the consecutive culture strata in a number of Neolithic culture sites. Continuous biostratigraphical and sedimentological records from the Maqiao cultural site, Shanghai, suggest that the fine sand and organic mud units resulted from expansion of water bodies both by sea‐level fluctuations and from increased flooding during cold and humid episodes of Holocene climates. The absence of human settlement from 7240 BP to 5320 BP in the region was mainly caused by higher sea levels resulting from a warm and humid climate. The Neolithic cultures developed under conditions of lower and more stable sea level as well as warmer and dryer climates between about 4410 BP and 3250 BP. A flood‐induced lake expansion interrupted the civilization in the region at about 4200 BP. Later, higher water tables and expansion of lakes between 3250 BP and AD 618 under a cold and moist climate temporarily terminated settlement on the delta. Later, during the Tang Dynasty, beginning at about AD 618, the region again became suitable for human settlement under conditions of more favourable climate and lower water tables.