mTOR complex 2 mediates Akt phosphorylation that requires PKCε in adult cardiac muscle cells.

mTOR complex 2 mediates Akt phosphorylation that requires PKCε in adult cardiac muscle cells.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.cellsig.2013.05.001
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发表时间:
2013-09
影响因子:
4.8
通讯作者:
Kuppuswamy D
Kuppuswamy D
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Moschella PC;McKillop J;Pleasant DL;Harston RK;Balasubramanian S;Kuppuswamy D

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我们早期的工作表明,哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶点(mTOR)对于各种肥大反应(包括心肌细胞存活)的发展至关重要。 mTOR 通过与常见和不同的细胞蛋白结合形成两个独立的复合物:mTORC1 和 mTORC2。两种复合物都对药理学抑制剂 torin1 敏感,尽管雷帕霉素仅抑制 mTORC1。由于已知 mTORC2 介导促生存激酶 Akt 的激活,因此我们分析了 mTORC2 是否直接介导 Akt 激活,或者是否需要另一种促生存激酶 PKC ε(蛋白激酶 C 的 epsilon 亚型)的参与。我们的研究表明,在体外用胰岛素处理成年猫心肌细胞会导致 Akt 在 S473 处磷酸化,从而激活其激活,雷帕霉素可增强该激活作用,但会被 torin1 阻断。在心肌细胞中用 sh-RNA 沉默 Rictor(mTOR 的雷帕霉素不敏感伴侣)(一种 mTORC2 成分)的表达,可降低胰岛素刺激的 Akt 和 PKC ε 磷酸化。此外,PKC ε 和 Akt 在关键 S729 和 S473 位点的磷酸化分别被 torin1 或 Rictor 敲除阻断,但不被雷帕霉素阻断,表明这些特定位点的磷酸化发生在 mTORC2 下游。此外,DN-PKC ε 的表达显着降低了胰岛素刺激的 Akt S473 磷酸化,表明 PKC ε 在 Akt 激活中发挥上游作用。生化分析还表明 PKC ε 是 Rictor 的一部分,但不是 Raptor(mTORC1 的结合伴侣和组件)的一部分。总之,这些研究表明 mTORC2 介导成体心肌细胞中的促生存信号传导,其中 PKC ε 在 mTORC2 下游发挥作用,导致 Akt 激活。
Our earlier work showed that mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is essential to the development of various hypertrophic responses, including cardiomyocyte survival. mTOR forms two independent complexes, mTORC1 and mTORC2, by associating with common and distinct cellular proteins. Both complexes are sensitive to a pharmacological inhibitor, torin1, although only mTORC1 is inhibited by rapamycin. Since mTORC2 is known to mediate the activation of a prosurvival kinase, Akt, we analyzed whether mTORC2 directly mediates Akt activation or whether it requires the participation of another prosurvival kinase, PKC ε (epsilon isoform of protein kinase-C). Our studies reveal that treatment of adult feline cardiomyocytes in vitro with insulin results in Akt phosphorylation at S473 for its activation which could be augmented with rapamycin but blocked by torin1. Silencing the expression of Rictor (rapamycin-insensitive companion of mTOR), an mTORC2 component, with a sh-RNA in cardiomyocytes lowers both insulin-stimulated Akt and PKC ε phosphorylation. Furthermore, phosphorylation of PKC ε and Akt at the critical S729 and S473 sites respectively was blocked by torin1 or Rictor knockdown but not by rapamycin, indicating that the phosphorylation at these specific sites occurs downstream of mTORC2. Additionally, expression of DN-PKC ε significantly lowered the insulin-stimulated Akt S473 phosphorylation, indicating an upstream role for PKC ε in the Akt activation. Biochemical analyses also revealed that PKC ε was part of Rictor but not Raptor (a binding partner and component of mTORC1). Together, these studies demonstrate that mTORC2 mediates prosurvival signaling in adult cardiomyocytes where PKC ε functions downstream of mTORC2 leading to Akt activation.
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