Growing and Characterizing Biofilms Formed by Streptococcus pneumoniae
Growing and Characterizing Biofilms Formed by Streptococcus pneumoniae
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DOI：
10.1007/978-1-4939-9199-0_13
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发表时间：
2019-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Hakansson, Anders P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Chao, Yashuan;Bergenfelz, Caroline;Hakansson, Anders P.
据估计，80%以上的细菌感染与生物膜的形成有关。生物膜是在非生物表面(如植入或植入的医疗器械)或生物表面(如上皮衬里和粘膜表面)上形成的有组织的细菌群落。生物膜的生长对细菌有机体是有利的，因为它保护细菌免受抗微生物宿主因素的影响，并允许细菌在不引起过度炎症的情况下驻留在宿主体内。与呼吸道的许多其他机会性病原体一样，肺炎链球菌在无症状携带期间形成生物膜，这除其他外，促进了利基环境中的持久性、种内和种间的交流以及细菌DNA的传播。宿主攻击引起的定植环境内的变化，如病毒感染，可导致生物膜扩散，细菌离开生物膜并传播到其他部位，从而导致随后的感染。在本章中，我们介绍了在小鼠鼻咽部形成复杂生物膜的方法，并评估了在这种环境中生物膜的结构和功能。此外，我们介绍了通过加入与宿主环境相关的关键因素来在体外概括这种生物膜表型的方法，并描述了这些模型如何用于研究生物膜的功能、转化和分散。
It is estimated that over 80% of bacterial infections are associated with biofilm formation. Biofilms are organized bacterial communities formed on abiotic surfaces, such as implanted or inserted medical devices, or on biological surfaces, such as epithelial linings and mucosal surfaces. Biofilm growth is advantageous for the bacterial organism as it protects the bacteria from antimicrobial host factors and allows the bacteria to reside in the host without causing excessive inflammation. Like many other opportunistic pathogens of the respiratory tract, Streptococcus pneumoniae forms biofilms during asymptomatic carriage, which promotes, among other things, persistence in the niche, intraspecies and interspecies communication, and spread of bacterial DNA. Changes within the colonizing environment resulting from host assaults, such as virus infection, can induce biofilm dispersion where bacteria leave the biofilm and disseminate to other sites with ensuing infection. In this chapter, we present methodology to form complex biofilms in the nasopharynx of mice and to evaluate the biofilm structure and function in this environment. Furthermore, we present methods that recapitulate this biofilm phenotype in vitro by incorporating crucial factors associated with the host environment and describe how these models can be used to study biofilm function, transformation, and dispersion.