Post-floral Erection of Stalks Provides Insight into the Evolution of Fruit Orientation and Its Effects on Seed Dispersal.
Post-floral Erection of Stalks Provides Insight into the Evolution of Fruit Orientation and Its Effects on Seed Dispersal.
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花后茎的直立可以深入了解果实定向的演变及其对种子传播的影响
DOI：
10.1038/srep20146
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发表时间：
2016-02-02
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Sun H
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Niu Y;Zhou Z;Sha W;Sun H
开花后，果柄重新定向并朝上是许多有花植物的普遍现象，表明果实定向在种子传播中的潜在重要性。但这一观点还没有经过实证检验。我们检验了这一假设，通过分析果实取向和其他性状之间的进化相关性，并通过调查种子传播的果实取向的影响。我们发现：1）在亚高山植物群落中，向上的果实取向与充当种子容器的果实密切相关，这些果实通常是干燥型的，并通过非动物媒介传播; 2）以桔梗科为例。字符串，果实定向与开裂位置密切相关。结果表明：（1）向上果的种子散布距离远大于下垂果，其散布方式也比水平果的散布方向均匀;（2）向上果的种子散布距离远大于下垂果，其散布方式也比水平果的散布方式均匀。我们的研究结果表明，果位可能在种子传播中起着重要作用，这可能是开花后茎直立现象广泛发生的原因。
That stalks reorient after flowering to face upwards is a common phenomenon in many flowering plants, indicating the potential importance of fruit orientation on seed dispersal. But this idea has not been subject to an empirical test. We examined this hypothesis by analysing the evolutionary correlation between fruit orientation and other characters and by investigating the effects of fruit orientation on seed dispersal. We found that 1) in a sub-alpine plant community, upward fruit orientation strongly correlates with fruits that act as seed containers, which are often of dry type and are dispersed by non-animal vectors; 2) as exemplified by the Campanulaceaes. str., fruit orientation strongly correlates with dehiscence position. Upwardly-oriented capsules dehisce at the apex, whereas pendent ones dehisce at the base, in both cases ensuring that seeds are released from an upright position; 3) in manipulation experiments onSilene chungtienensis, upward fruits (the natural state) exhibit much greater dispersal distances and more dispersive pattern than pendent ones and have a more even distribution of dispersal direction than horizontal ones. Our results suggest that fruit orientation may have important function in seed dispersal, which may be the reason why the phenomenon that stalk erection after flowering occurs widely.