THE EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGE ON INDIVIDUALS AND GROUPS - SOME NEGLECTED ISSUES IN STRESS RESEARCH
THE EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGE ON INDIVIDUALS AND GROUPS - SOME NEGLECTED ISSUES IN STRESS RESEARCH
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DOI：
10.1016/s0272-4944(88)80023-9
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发表时间：
1988-03-01
影响因子：
6.9
通讯作者：
STOKOLS, D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
ALDWIN, C;STOKOLS, D
环境变化影响的动态平衡模型往往需要某些假设，而这些假设可能是不必要的。人们普遍认为，负面环境变化或压力的影响必然是不利的，并具有相对短期的影响。进一步假设这些影响是线性的，也就是说，压力越大，结果越负面。相反，从生态和发展的角度来看，环境变化被视为也可能产生矛盾的(即积极的)结果，这取决于评估结果的类型和时间以及情况和个人因素。回顾了非线性模型对更广泛的环境变化概念化的适用性。这种方法既包括压力的多个决定因素，也包括压力的结果，并对生态和发展问题敏感，如应激源的时间和背景以及可能的长期结果。
Homeostatic models of the effects of environmental change often entail certain assumptions that may not be warranted. It is widely assumed that the effects of negative environmental change or stress are necessarily adverse and have relatively short-term effects. It is further assumed that these effects are linear, that is, the greater the stress, the more negative the outcome. In contrast, from an ecological and developmental perspective, environmental change is seen as having possible paradoxical (i.e., positive) outcomes as well, depending upon the type and timing of the outcome assessed and situational and individual factors. Non-linear models are reviewed for their applicability to a broader conceptualization of environmental change. This approach includes both multiple determinants and outcomes of stress, and is sensitive to ecological and developmental concerns, such as the timing and context of the stressor and possible long-term outcomes.