Practice induces a qualitative change in the memory representation for visuomotor learning
Practice induces a qualitative change in the memory representation for visuomotor learning
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DOI：
10.1152/jn.00830.2018
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发表时间：
2019-09-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Haith, Adrian M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Huberdeau, David M.;Krakauer, John W.;Haith, Adrian M.
众所周知，我们的动作对环境变化的适应是由并行运行的多个学习过程支持的。一种是由感官预测误差驱动的隐式重新校准过程；另一个过程通过更刻意的补偿来应对扰动。众所周知，先前的经验可以使适应更快地发生，这种现象被称为“储蓄”，但经验究竟如何改变每个潜在的学习过程仍不清楚。我们测量了在适应视觉运动旋转的两天练习中隐式重新校准和刻意补偿对节省的相对贡献。重复练习后，隐式重新校准率没有改善。相反，即使准备时间非常有限，实践也会导致有意的补偿。这种质的变化与这样的建议是一致的，即实践建立了一个缓存关联，将目标位置与适当的运动输出联系起来，促进从故意动作选择到自动动作选择的转变。新的和值得注意的最近的研究表明，视觉运动适应的节省可归因于有意的、战略性补偿的恢复。这似乎与运动技能记忆的内隐性质不一致，并且对伸手动作的视觉运动适应作为运动技能学习模型的有效性提出了质疑。我们的研究结果提出了一个解决方案：适应视觉运动扰动的额外练习会导致缓存最初明确的应对视觉运动扰动的策略。
Adaptation of our movements to changes in the environment is known to be supported by multiple learning processes that operate in parallel. One is an implicit recalibration process driven by sensory-prediction errors; the other process counters the perturbation through more deliberate compensation. Prior experience is known to enable adaptation to occur more rapidly, a phenomenon known as "savings," but exactly how experience alters each underlying learning process remains unclear. We measured the relative contributions of implicit recalibration and deliberate compensation to savings across 2 days of practice adapting to a visuomotor rotation. The rate of implicit recalibration showed no improvement with repeated practice. Instead, practice led to deliberate compensation being expressed even when preparation time was very limited. This qualitative change is consistent with the proposal that practice establishes a cached association linking target locations to appropriate motor output, facilitating a transition from deliberate to automatic action selection.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Recent research has shown that savings for visuomotor adaptation is attributable to retrieval of intentional, strategic compensation. This does not seem consistent with the implicit nature of memory for motor skills and calls into question the validity of visuomotor adaptation of reaching movements as a model for motor skill learning. Our findings suggest a solution: that additional practice adapting to a visuomotor perturbation leads to the caching of the initially explicit strategy for countering it.