Why small cold‐blooded insects pose different conservation problems to birds in modern landscapes
Why small cold‐blooded insects pose different conservation problems to birds in modern landscapes
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为什么小型冷血昆虫对现代景观中的鸟类造成不同的保护问题
DOI：
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发表时间：
2008
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
J. Thomas
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Thomas
本世纪，在欧洲西南部的部分地区，蝴蝶和其他昆虫的数量比鸟类减少得更快，早期保护它们的尝试往往失败。失败的主要原因是保护区管理者没有考虑到它们与脊椎动物的三个不同需求：（1）许多昆虫在其生境中占据非常狭窄的特定生态位，通常与短暂的演替阶段有关;（2）虽然昆虫种群有时可以由其特定栖息地的一小块（<1公顷）来维持，一个单独的栖息地斑块可能保持适宜的时间不超过3-10年;（3）几种昆虫物种太过定居，无法在距离旧栖息地300米-1公里以外的新栖息地斑块上定居，而在这段时间内，每种昆虫仍然适合繁殖。一些昆虫对狭窄的温度带的依赖导致了进一步的复杂性，特别是在欧洲西北部，许多物种到达了它们的范围边缘，并被锁定在温暖的人类栖息地。同一物种在更远的南方有更广泛或不同的生态位，它们的栖息地可能需要在不同的地理范围内进行非常不同的管理。尽管存在这些问题，保护主义者已经取得了相当大的成功，在自然保护区内的濒危昆虫种群，一旦他们的生态和动态知识应用于现场管理。
Butterflies and other insects have declined more rapidly than birds over parts of southwest Europe this century, and early attempts to conserve them often failed. Failure occurred mainly because reserve managers did not cater for three differences in their needs compared with those of vertebrates: (1) Many insects occupy very narrow specific niches within their biotopes, often associated with an ephemeral successional stage; (2) although an insect population can sometimes be supported by a small (<1 ha) patch of its specific habitat, an individual habitat patch may remain suitable for no more than 3–10 years and (3) several insect species are too sedentary to colonize new patches of habitat that arise farther than 300 m-1 km from old ones during the period that each remains suitable for breeding. Further complications arise from the dependency of some insects on narrow temperature bands, especially in northwest Europe where many species reach their edges of range and are locked into warm, anthropogenic habitats. The same species have broader or different niches farther south, and their habitats may require very different management across geographical ranges. Despite these problems, conservationists have had considerable success in maintaining populations of threatened insects within nature reserves, once knowledge of their ecology and dynamics was applied to site management.