The Transformation of America's Penal Order: A Historicized Political Sociology of Punishment
The Transformation of America's Penal Order: A Historicized Political Sociology of Punishment
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DOI：
10.1086/669506
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发表时间：
2013-03-01
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Schoenfeld, Heather
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Campbell, Michael C.;Schoenfeld, Heather
比较历史方法被用来解释20世纪下半叶美国刑法秩序的转变。对多个州级案例研究和国家级叙述的分析表明，这种转变分为三个不同但相互关联的历史时期，并揭示了国家和州级政治和政策之间复杂的相互作用有助于解释1970年至2001年间监禁人数的增长。具体而言，随着时间的推移，国家政治竞争、联邦犯罪控制政策和联邦法院判决帮助创造了新的州级政治创新和特殊利益集团，迫使立法者越来越多地将犯罪问题定义为缺乏惩罚，并通过投入更多人来应对在监狱里呆的时间更长。反过来，国家层面的发展促进了国家层面日益激进的犯罪控制政治和政策，反映了阳光地带国家的历史传统。
Comparative historical methods are used to explain the transformation of the U. S. penal order in the second half of the 20th century. The analysis of multiple state-level case studies and national-level narratives suggests that this transformation has three distinct, but interconnected, historical periods and reveals that the complex interaction between national and state-level politics and policy helps explain the growth in imprisonment between 1970 and 2001. Specifically, over time, national political competition, federal crime control policy, and federal court decisions helped create new state-level political innovation and special interest groups that compelled lawmakers to increasingly define the crime problem as a lack of punishment and to respond by putting more people in prison for longer periods of time. In turn, state-level developments facilitated increasingly radical crime control politics and policies at the national level that reflected historical traditions found in Sun Belt states.