A laboratory investigation of the effectiveness of various skin and surface decontaminants for aliphatic polyisocyanates.
A laboratory investigation of the effectiveness of various skin and surface decontaminants for aliphatic polyisocyanates.
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各种皮肤和表面去污剂对脂肪族多异氰酸酯的有效性的实验室研究。
DOI：
10.1039/b503807c
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发表时间：
2005
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Liu,Youcheng
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bello,Dhimiter;Woskie,SusanR;Streicher,RobertP;Stowe,MeredithH;Sparer,Judy;Redlich,CarrieA;Cullen,MarkR;Liu,Youcheng
异氰酸酯可能会引起接触性皮炎和呼吸道过敏，导致哮喘。在汽车车身车间，皮肤暴露于脂肪族异氰酸酯是非常常见的。然而，人们对用于净化脂肪族多异氰酸酯的现有商业产品的有效性知之甚少。这项实验研究评估了脂肪族多异氰酸酯对几种可用于汽车车身工业的皮肤和表面去污剂的去污效果。分别研究了两种主要去污机制的效率，即(I)通过与去污剂的活性氢成分的化学反应消耗游离异氰酸酯基团，以及(Ii)物理去除过程，如溶解。不同表面去污剂的异氰酸酯消耗率有很大差异，其中含有游离胺基团的表面去污剂效果最好。总体而言，含有单乙醇胺的Pine-Sol®MEA是最有效的表面去污剂，主要通过与异氰酸酯基团的化学反应起作用。聚丙二醇(PPG)的物理去除效率最高，与异氰酸酯的反应速率最低。所有接受测试的皮肤去污剂都有类似的效果，主要通过物理过程去污，一次擦拭即可去除70%-80%的异氰酸酯。讨论了这些皮肤去污剂的局限性，并提出了替代方案。正在进行使用动物皮肤的体外测试和现场工作人员的体内测试，以进一步评估效率并确定相关决定因素。
Isocyanates may cause contact dermatitis and respiratory sensitization leading to asthma. Dermal exposure to aliphatic isocyanates in auto body shops is very common. However, little is known about the effectiveness of available commercial products used for decontaminating aliphatic polyisocyanates. This experimental study evaluated the decontamination effectiveness of aliphatic polyisocyanates for several skin and surface decontaminants available for use in the auto body industry. The efficiency of two major decontamination mechanisms, namely (i) consumption of free isocyanate groups via chemical reactions with active hydrogen components of the decontaminant and (ii) physical removal processes such as dissolution were studied separately for each decontaminant. Considerable differences were observed among surface decontaminants in their rate of isocyanate consumption, of which those containing free amine groups performed the best. Overall, Pine-Sol® MEA containing monoethanolamine was the most efficient surface decontaminant, operating primarily via chemical reaction with the isocyanate group. Polypropylene glycol (PPG) had the highest physical removal efficiency and the lowest reaction rate with isocyanates. All tested skin decontaminants performed similarly, accomplishing decontamination primarily via physical processes and removing 70–80% of isocyanates in one wiping. Limitations of these skin decontaminants are discussed and alternatives presented. In vitro testing using animal skins and in vivo testing with field workers are being conducted to further assess the efficiency and identify related determinants.