Matrilocal residence is ancestral in Austronesian societies
Matrilocal residence is ancestral in Austronesian societies
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DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2009.0088
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发表时间：
2009-06-07
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Mace, Ruth
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jordan, Fiona M.;Gray, Russell D.;Mace, Ruth
人类史前社会生活的本质是难以捉摸的，然而，了解亲属制度是如何演变的，对于理解人口历史和文化多样性至关重要。婚后居住规则规定了特定性别的分散和亲缘关系，影响了人群中遗传标记的模式。文化系统发育学允许我们对这些在考古记录中没有留下痕迹的社会生活方面进行“虚拟考古学”。在这里，我们表明早期的南岛社会实行婚后母系居住。利用在贝叶斯系统发育框架中实现的马尔可夫链蒙特卡罗比较方法，我们估计了南岛语言树样本中跨越135个太平洋社会的每个祖先节点的居住类型。原大洋社会（约3500 BP）存在母系居住的假设，但我们发现强有力的证据表明，母系居住在约5000-4500 BP的早期南岛社会中占主导地位，是语族及其早期分支的根源。我们的研究结果阐明了太平洋地区mtDNA和y染色体标记的不同模式。以这种方式分析当今的跨文化数据使我们能够直接解决史前的文化进化和生活史过程。
The nature of social life in human prehistory is elusive, yet knowing how kinship systems evolve is critical for understanding population history and cultural diversity. Post-marital residence rules specify sex-specific dispersal and kin association, influencing the pattern of genetic markers across populations. Cultural phylogenetics allows us to practise 'virtual archaeology' on these aspects of social life that leave no trace in the archaeological record. Here we show that early Austronesian societies practised matrilocal post-marital residence. Using a Markov-chain Monte Carlo comparative method implemented in a Bayesian phylogenetic framework, we estimated the type of residence at each ancestral node in a sample of Austronesian language trees spanning 135 Pacific societies. Matrilocal residence has been hypothesized for proto-Oceanic society (ca 3500 BP), but we find strong evidence that matrilocality was predominant in earlier Austronesian societies ca 5000-4500 BP, at the root of the language family and its early branches. Our results illuminate the divergent patterns of mtDNA and Y-chromosome markers seen in the Pacific. The analysis of present-day cross-cultural data in this way allows us to directly address cultural evolutionary and life-history processes in prehistory.