Enhancing cancer immunotherapy with nanomedicine.
Enhancing cancer immunotherapy with nanomedicine.
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DOI：
10.1038/s41577-019-0269-6
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发表时间：
2020-05
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Dane EL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Irvine DJ;Dane EL
癌症中免疫系统的治疗靶向现在是临床现实，并且已经取得了显著的成功，最值得注意的是通过使用检查点阻断抗体和嵌合抗原受体T细胞疗法。然而，开发新的免疫治疗剂或联合治疗以增加受益患者的比例的努力遇到了有限疗效和/或显著毒性的挑战。纳米医学-由载体材料组成或配制的治疗剂通常小于100 nm-最初开发用于增加肿瘤对化疗药物的吸收并降低其脱靶毒性。在这里，我们讨论了基于纳米医学的治疗策略如何非常适合免疫治疗，基于纳米材料将免疫调节剂引导到肿瘤和淋巴器官的能力，改变生物制剂与靶免疫细胞接触的方式，并在肿瘤和全身隔室的骨髓细胞中积累。我们还讨论了基于纳米医学的免疫疗法的临床翻译的早期努力。
Therapeutic targeting of the immune system in cancer is now a clinical reality and marked successes have been achieved, most notably through the use of checkpoint blockade antibodies and chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy. However, efforts to develop new immunotherapy agents or combination treatments to increase the proportion of patients who benefit have met with challenges of limited efficacy and/or significant toxicities. Nanomedicines — therapeutics composed of or formulated in carrier materials typically less than 100 nm in size — were originally developed to increase the uptake of chemotherapy agents by tumours and to reduce their off-target toxicities. Here, we discuss how nanomedicine-based treatment strategies are well suited to immunotherapy, based on the ability of nanomaterials to direct immunomodulators to tumours and lymphoid organs, to alter the way biologics engage with target immune cells, and to accumulate in myeloid cells in tumours and systemic compartments. We also discuss early efforts towards clinical translation of nanomedicine-based immunotherapy.
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