Biomechanics of osteoporosis and vertebral fracture
Biomechanics of osteoporosis and vertebral fracture
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DOI：
10.1097/00007632-199712151-00005
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发表时间：
1997-12-15
期刊：
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Wilson, SE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Myers, ER;Wilson, SE
脊柱承载负荷的能力取决于椎骨的结构能力和日常生活活动或创伤引起的负荷条件。脊柱载荷与骨骼失效载荷的比率称为风险系数，该值指示在给定活动期间是否可能发生骨折。高风险系数可能是由于具有低失效载荷的弱骨或产生较大力的风险活动造成的。椎体的破坏载荷取决于骨小梁的密度和结构以及椎体的形状、大小和组织。双能X线骨密度仪测定的脊柱骨密度与压缩破坏载荷密切相关，因此应该是体内椎骨抗压强度的方便和特异性指标。施加到脊柱上的负荷的大小取决于具体的活动。弯曲和提升活动在脊柱上产生的载荷超过了骨矿物质密度非常低的椎骨的失效载荷。预防年龄相关性骨折的生物力学指征指出，需要通过保持或增加密度来强化骨骼，并需要通过避免诸如举重等风险活动来降低施加于老年人脊柱的力的大小。
The ability of the spine to carry load depends on the structural capacity of the vertebrae and on the loading conditions that arise from activities of daily living or trauma. The ratio of the load on the spine to the failure load of the bone is called the factor of risk, a value that indicates whether fracture is likely during a given activity. A high factor of risk can result from weak bone that has a low failure load or from a risk activity that generates a large force. The failure load of the vertebral body depends on the density and architecture of the trabecular bone and on the shape, size, and organization of the vertebral body. Spine bone mineral density determined by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry correlates strongly with the compressive failure load and therefore should be a convenient and specific indicator of the compressive strength of the vertebrae in vivo. The magnitude of a load applied to the spine depends on the specific activity. Bending and lifting activities generate loads on the spine that exceed the failure load of vertebrae with very low bone mineral density. Biomechanical indications for prevention of age-related fractures point to the need to strengthen bone by maintaining or increasing density and the need to tower the magnitude of forces applied to the spine in the elderly by avoiding such risk activities as lifting.